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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ndromes cardiomi&#233;licos comprenden cardiopat&#237;as cong&#233;nitas y malformaciones esquel&#233;ticas de los miembros superiores&#44; y est&#225;n relacionados con mutaciones delet&#233;reas de factores de transcripci&#243;n con dominios del tipo T-Box&#46; El s&#237;ndrome de Holt-Oram se debe a una mutaci&#243;n dominante en el gen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TBX5</span> que altera la estructura tridimensional de la prote&#237;na impidiendo su correcta uni&#243;n al ADN&#46; Se han descrito varias mutaciones puntuales y deleciones de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TBX5</span> en pacientes con fenotipo de s&#237;ndrome de Holt-Oram&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El paciente es un ni&#241;o con una comunicaci&#243;n interauricular &#40;CIA&#41; del tipo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ostium secundum</span> grande y una comunicaci&#243;n interventricular &#40;CIV&#41; diagnosticados por cl&#237;nica &#40;soplo&#41; y ecocardiograf&#237;a&#46; Presenta adem&#225;s unos dedos pulgares algo hipopl&#225;sicos y con un emplazamiento distal bilateral&#44; con un &#237;ndice de implantaci&#243;n de 0&#44;19 frente a una media normal de 0&#44;50 para su edad gestacional al nacer&#46; Es remitido a la consulta de Gen&#233;tica para descartar microdeleci&#243;n 22q11&#46;2&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cariotipo y la hibridaci&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> de fluorescencia &#40;FISH&#41; con sonda D22S75 resultaron normales y debido a los hallazgos cl&#237;nicos se realiz&#243; un estudio molecular para el s&#237;ndrome de Holt-Oram&#46; Se encontr&#243; una mutaci&#243;n en el intr&#243;n 7 de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TBX5</span> que produce una probable alteraci&#243;n del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">splicing</span> del gen que da lugar a una prote&#237;na truncada en su extremo C-terminal&#46; Los padres del prop&#243;sito presentan una secuencia normal para el gen&#44; lo que indica que la mutaci&#243;n se produjo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#44; sin que pueda descartarse un mosaicismo germinal en los padres&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Holt-Oram es la causa m&#225;s frecuente de s&#237;ndrome cardiomi&#233;lico&#46; Deber&#237;a ser objeto de estudio molecular todo ni&#241;o con malformaciones card&#237;acas y alteraciones de las extremidades superiores como pulgares ausentes&#44; hipopl&#225;sicos&#44; distalmente emplazados o trifal&#225;ngicos&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiomyelic syndromes encompass congenital heart disease and skeletal malformations of the upper limbs and are related to mutations in transcription factors with T-Box domains&#46; Holt-Oram syndrome is caused by a dominant mutation in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TBX5</span> gene that alters the three-dimensional structure of the protein and its DNA binding function&#46; Several point mutations and deletions in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TBX5</span> have been reported in patients with the Holt-Oram syndrome phenotype&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The proband was a boy with a large atrial septal defect ostium secundum type and a ventricular septal defect&#44; diagnosed by clinical findings &#40;heart murmur&#41; and echocardiography&#46; He also presented slightly hypoplastic thumbs with distal bilateral placement and an implantation index of 0&#46;19 &#40;compared with an average of 0&#46;50 for his gestational age at birth&#41;&#46; The boy was referred to the department of medical genetics to rule out 22q11&#46;2 microdeletion syndrome&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Karyotype and fluorescence <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> hybridization at locus D22S75 were both normal&#46; Because of his clinical findings&#44; molecular study for Holt-Oram syndrome was indicated&#44; leading to the finding of a mutation at intron 7 of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TBX5</span>&#44; probably producing a splicing alteration of the gene and resulting in a protein truncated at its C-terminal end&#46; The proband&#8217;s parents presented the wild type sequence of the gene&#44; thus indicating that the mutation was produced <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#44; although a possible germinal mosaicism in the parents could not be ruled out&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Holt-Oram syndrome is the most frequent cause of cardiomyelic syndrome&#46; All children with heart malformations and abnormalities of the upper limbs such as absent&#44; hypoplastic&#44; distally placed or triphalangic thumbs should undergo molecular studies for this syndrome&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 64. Núm. 6.
Páginas 578-582 (junio 2006)
Notas Clínicas
Acceso a texto completo
Síndrome de Holt-Oram: caracterización de una nueva mutación
Holt-oram syndrome: characterization of a novel mutation
Visitas
18465
L. Fernández García-Moyaa,
Autor para correspondencia
lfernandez.hulp@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: L. Fernández García-Moya. Servicio de Genética Médica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. P.° de la Castellana, 261. 28046 Madrid. España.
, P. Lapunzina Badíaa, A. Delicado Navarroa, A. Sharifb, G. Crossb, M.ªA. Mori Álvareza, M.ªL. de Torres Perezhidalgoa, M. Palomares Braloa, P. García Sánchezc, L. García-Guereta Silvad, I. López Pajaresa
a Servicio de Genética Médica. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. España
b Department of Molecular Genetics. Centre for Medical Genetics. Nottingham City Hospital. Nottingham. United Kingdom
c Servicios de. Neonatología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. España
d Servicios de. Cardiología Infantil. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Introducción

Los síndromes cardiomiélicos comprenden cardiopatías congénitas y malformaciones esqueléticas de los miembros superiores, y están relacionados con mutaciones deletéreas de factores de transcripción con dominios del tipo T-Box. El síndrome de Holt-Oram se debe a una mutación dominante en el gen TBX5 que altera la estructura tridimensional de la proteína impidiendo su correcta unión al ADN. Se han descrito varias mutaciones puntuales y deleciones de TBX5 en pacientes con fenotipo de síndrome de Holt-Oram.

Pacientes y métodos

El paciente es un niño con una comunicación interauricular (CIA) del tipo ostium secundum grande y una comunicación interventricular (CIV) diagnosticados por clínica (soplo) y ecocardiografía. Presenta además unos dedos pulgares algo hipoplásicos y con un emplazamiento distal bilateral, con un índice de implantación de 0,19 frente a una media normal de 0,50 para su edad gestacional al nacer. Es remitido a la consulta de Genética para descartar microdeleción 22q11.2.

Resultados

El cariotipo y la hibridación in situ de fluorescencia (FISH) con sonda D22S75 resultaron normales y debido a los hallazgos clínicos se realizó un estudio molecular para el síndrome de Holt-Oram. Se encontró una mutación en el intrón 7 de TBX5 que produce una probable alteración del splicing del gen que da lugar a una proteína truncada en su extremo C-terminal. Los padres del propósito presentan una secuencia normal para el gen, lo que indica que la mutación se produjo de novo, sin que pueda descartarse un mosaicismo germinal en los padres.

Conclusiones

El síndrome de Holt-Oram es la causa más frecuente de síndrome cardiomiélico. Debería ser objeto de estudio molecular todo niño con malformaciones cardíacas y alteraciones de las extremidades superiores como pulgares ausentes, hipoplásicos, distalmente emplazados o trifalángicos.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de Holt-Oram
Cardiopatías congénitas
Malformaciones esqueléticas
TBX5
Introduction

Cardiomyelic syndromes encompass congenital heart disease and skeletal malformations of the upper limbs and are related to mutations in transcription factors with T-Box domains. Holt-Oram syndrome is caused by a dominant mutation in the TBX5 gene that alters the three-dimensional structure of the protein and its DNA binding function. Several point mutations and deletions in TBX5 have been reported in patients with the Holt-Oram syndrome phenotype.

Patients and methods

The proband was a boy with a large atrial septal defect ostium secundum type and a ventricular septal defect, diagnosed by clinical findings (heart murmur) and echocardiography. He also presented slightly hypoplastic thumbs with distal bilateral placement and an implantation index of 0.19 (compared with an average of 0.50 for his gestational age at birth). The boy was referred to the department of medical genetics to rule out 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome.

Results

Karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization at locus D22S75 were both normal. Because of his clinical findings, molecular study for Holt-Oram syndrome was indicated, leading to the finding of a mutation at intron 7 of TBX5, probably producing a splicing alteration of the gene and resulting in a protein truncated at its C-terminal end. The proband’s parents presented the wild type sequence of the gene, thus indicating that the mutation was produced de novo, although a possible germinal mosaicism in the parents could not be ruled out.

Conclusions

Holt-Oram syndrome is the most frequent cause of cardiomyelic syndrome. All children with heart malformations and abnormalities of the upper limbs such as absent, hypoplastic, distally placed or triphalangic thumbs should undergo molecular studies for this syndrome.

Key words:
Holt-Oram syndrome
Congenital heart disease
Skeletal malformations
TBX5
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