Información de la revista
Vol. 64. Núm. 6.
Páginas 573-577 (junio 2006)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 64. Núm. 6.
Páginas 573-577 (junio 2006)
Asociacióne Española de Pediatría
Acceso a texto completo
El papel de la vacuna frente a rotavirus en los calendarios de vacunación infantil
The role of the rotavirus vaccine in childhood vaccination schedules
Visitas
11162
F. Giménez Sánchez, F. Martinón Torres, E. Bernaola Iturbe
Autor para correspondencia
bernaola@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Bernaola Iturbe. Aralar, 4 bajo. 31002 Pamplona. España.
, M. Baca Cots, F. de Juan Martín, J. Díez Delgado, M. Garcés Sánchez, J.A. Gómez Campderá, J. Picazo, V. Pineda Solas
Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas

Rotavirus es la principal causa de diarrea en lactantes. En países desarrollados, esta infección origina una enorme morbilidad con un número elevado de hospitalizaciones y actos médicos en la temporada de invierno, que suponen un elevado coste económico y social. En países en desarrollo, rotavirus es una causa importante de mortalidad en lactantes originada por la deshidratación, y se estima que existen 600.000 muertes por esta causa cada año en el mundo. Una vacuna de fácil administración, segura y con elevada eficacia sería la medida ideal para reducir la carga de la enfermedad y sus costes económicos y sociales y para reducir el número de muertes en los países más desfavorecidos. Recientemente, se han publicado los resultados de dos ensayos clínicos bien diseñados incluyendo un alto número de sujetos. Ambos estudios han demostrado elevada eficacia de estas vacunas en la prevención de la gastroenteritis grave y las hospitalizaciones producidas por rotavirus. Cuando estas vacunas estén disponibles en Europa es previsible que se produzca una reducción en el número de hospitalizaciones, visitas clínicas y pérdidas de días de trabajo de los padres.

Palabras clave:
Gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
Vacunas
Hospitalizaciones

Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhea in infants. In developed countries, this infection leads to considerable morbidity with a high number of hospitalizations and medical interventions in the winter season, giving rise to substantial medical and social costs. In developing countries, rotavirus is a major cause of mortality in infants due to dehydration, with an estimated 600.000 deaths or more per year worldwide. A vaccine that is easy administrated, safe and with high efficacy would be the ideal means to reduce the burden of this disease and its high economic and social cost and to decrease the number of deaths in low-income countries. Recently, the results of two well-designed clinical trials with a large number of subjects have been reported. Both studies, which used different vaccines, reported high efficacy in the prevention of severe gastroenteritis and hospitalizations caused by rotavirus. When these vaccines become available in Europe, a reduction in hospitalizations, medical consultations, and days of work lost can be expected.

Key words:
Gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
Vaccines
Hospitalizations
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
U.D. Parashar, J.S. Bresee, J.R. Gentsch, R.I. Glass.
Rotavirus.
Emerg Infect Dis, 4 (1998), pp. 561-570
[2.]
U.D. Parashar, E.G. Hummelman, J.S. Bresee, M.A. Miller, R.I. Glass.
Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children.
Emerg Infect Dis, 9 (2003), pp. 565-572
[3.]
J.D. Snyder, M.H. Merson.
The magnitude of the global problem of acute diarrhoeal disease: A review of active surveillance data.
Bull World Health Organ, 60 (1982), pp. 605-613
[4.]
World Health Organization.
The world health report 2003: Shaping the future.
WHO, (2003),
[5.]
M. Kosek, C. Bern, R.L. Guerrant.
The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000.
Bull World Health Organ, 81 (2003), pp. 197-204
[6.]
M. O’Ryan, V. Prado, K. Pickering.
A Millennium Update on Pediatric Diarrheal Illness in the Developing World.
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 16 (2005), pp. 125-136
[7.]
F.R. Velázquez, D.O. Matson, J.J. Calva, L. Guerrero, A.L. Morrow, S. Carter-Campbell, et al.
Rotavirus infection in infants as a protection against subsequent infections.
N Engl J Med, 335 (1996), pp. 1022-1028
[8.]
K. Johansen, R. Bennet, K. Bondesson, M. Eriksson, K.O. Hedlund, K. De Verdier Klingenberg, et al.
Incidence and estimates of the disease burden of rotavirus in Sweden.
Acta Paediatr, (1999), pp. 20-23
[9.]
M. Koopmans, D. Brown.
Seasonality and diversity of Group A rotaviruses in Europe.
Acta Paediatr, (1999), pp. 14-19
[10.]
L. Maille, A. Beby-Defaux, A. Bourgoin, L. Koulmann, V. Eucher, J. Cardona, et al.
Infections nosocomiales à rotavirus et à virus respiratoire syncytial en milleiu pédiatrique: Étude sur une periode de 2 ans.
Ann Biol Clin, 58 (2000), pp. 601-606
[11.]
U.D. Parashar, C.J. Gibson, J.S. Bresee, R.I. Glass.
Rotavirus and severe childhood diarrhea.
Emerg Infect Dis, 12 (2006), pp. 304-306
[12.]
F. Moulin, E. Marc, M. Lorrot, S. Coquery, H. Sauvé-Martin, S. Ravilly, et al.
Hospitalisations pour gastroentérites aiguës communautaires à rotavirus: Une enquête de quatre ans.
Arch Pediatr, 9 (2002), pp. 255-261
[13.]
E. Piednoir, K. Bessaci, F. Bureau-Chalot, P. Sabouraud, V. Brodard, L. Andréoletti, et al.
Economic impact of healthcare-associated rotavirus infection in a paediatric hospital.
J Hosp Infect, 55 (2003), pp. 190-195
[14.]
J.S. Noel, S.P. Parker, K. Choules, A.D. Phillips, J. Walker-Smith, W.D. Cubitt.
Impact of rotavirus infection on a paediatric hospital in the east end of London.
J Clin Pathol, 47 (1994), pp. 67-70
[15.]
B.A. Lopman, M.H. Reacher, I.B. Vipond, D.H.C. Perry, T. Halladay, D.W. Brown, et al.
Epidemiology and Cost of Nosocomial Gastroenteritis, Avon, England, 2002.
Emerg Infect Dis, 10 (2004), pp. 1827-1834
[16.]
J.A. Roberts, P. Cunberland, P.N. Sockett, J. Wheeler, L.C. Rodrigues, D. Sethi, On behalf of the IID Study Executive, et al.
The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: Socio-economic impact.
Epidemiol Infect, 130 (2003), pp. 1-11
[17.]
M. Frühwirth, K. Berger, B. Ehlken, I. Moll-Schüler, S. Brösl, I. Mutz.
Economic impact of community and nosocomially acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis in Austria.
Pediatr Infect Dis, 20 (2001), pp. 184-188
[18.]
M. Fontana, G. Zuin, P. Pancheri, F. Fusco, A. Lambertini, R. Berni Canani, SIGEP Working Group on Intestinal Infections.
Costs associated with outpatient diarrhoea in infants and toddlers: A nationwide study of the Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology (SIGEP).
Dig Liver Dis, 36 (2004), pp. 523-527
[19.]
B.P. Lee, P.H. Azimi, M.A. Staat, L. Louie, E. Parada, T. Berke, et al.
Nonmedical Costs Associated with Rotavirus Disease Requiring Hospitalization.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 24 (2005), pp. 984-988
[20.]
N.A. Cunliffe, J.S. Bresee, C.A. Hart.
Rotavirus vaccines: Development, current sigues and future prospects.
J Infect, 45 (2002), pp. 1-9
[21.]
T.L. Wandstrat, B. Kaplan-Machlis, M.E. Temple, M.C. Nahata.
Tetravalent rotavirus vaccine.
Ann Pharmacother, 33 (1999), pp. 833-839
[22.]
CDC. Rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR. 1999;48:No.RR-2.
[23.]
CDC.
Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine – United States, 1998-1999.
JAMA, 282 (1999), pp. 520-521
[24.]
N.A. Cunliffe, J.S. Bresee, C.A. Hart.
Rotavirus vaccines: Development, current sigues and future prospects.
J Infect, 45 (2002), pp. 1-9
[25.]
P.H. Smith, B. Schwartz, A. Mokdad, A.B. Bloch, M. McCauley, T.V. Murphy.
The first oral rotavirus vaccine, 1998-1999: Estimates of uptake from the National Immunization Survey.
Pub Health Rep, 118 (2003), pp. 134-143
[26.]
C.D. Kikwood, J. Buttery.
Rotavirus vaccines – an update.
Expert Opin Biol Ther, 3 (2003), pp. 97-105
[27.]
T.V. Murphy, P.M. Gargiullo, M.S. Massoudi, D.B. Nelson, A.O. Jumaan, C.A. Okoro, et al.
Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine.
N Engl J Med, 344 (2001), pp. 564-572
[28.]
T. Vesikari, D.O. Matson, P. Dennehy, P. Van Damme, M. Santosham, Z. Rodríguez, et al.
Safety and Efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine.
N Engl J Med, 354 (2006), pp. 23-33
[29.]
G. Ruiz-Palacios, I. Pérez-Schael, R. Velázquez, H. Abate, T. Breuer, S. Costa Clemens, et al.
Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.
N Engl J Med, 354 (2006), pp. 11-22
[30.]
A. Gil, P. Carrasco, R. Jiménez, M. San-Martín, I. Oyáguez, A. González.
Burden of hospitalizations attributable to rotavirus infection in children in Spain, period 1999-2000.
Vaccine, 22 (2004), pp. 2221-2225
[31.]
E. Roman, I. Wilhelmi, J. Colomina, J. Villar, M.L. Cilleruelo, V. Nebreda, et al.
Acute viral gastroenteritis: Proportion and clinical relevance of multiple infections in Spanish children.
J Med Microbiol, 52 (2003), pp. 435-440
[32.]
A. Sánchez-Fauquier, E. Román, J. Colomina, I. Wilhelmi, R.I. Glass, B. Jiang.
First detection of group C rotavirus in children with acute diarrhea in Spain.
Arch Virol, 148 (2003), pp. 399-404
[33.]
J. Buesa, C.O. De Souza, M. Asensi, C. Martínez, J. Prat, M.T. Gil.
VP7 and VP4 genotypes among rotavirus strains recovered from children with gastroenteritis over a 3-year period in Valencia, Spain.
Eur J Epidemiol, 16 (2000), pp. 501-506
[34.]
G. Cilla, G.E. Pérez-Trallero, L.D. Pineiro, A. Iturzaeta, D. Vicente.
Hospitalizations for rotavirus gastroenteritis in Gipuzkoa (Basque country), Spain.
Emerg Infect Dis, 5 (1999), pp. 834-835
[35.]
A. Gil, P. Carrasco, J. Esteban, M. San-Martín, A. González.
Ingresos hospitalarios atribuibles a rotavirus en niños de la Comunidad de Madrid, período 1999-2000.
An Pediatr (Barc), 64 (2006), pp. 530-535
Copyright © 2006. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?