array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1695403300774510"
  "issn" => "16954033"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77451-0"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-09-01"
  "aid" => "77451"
  "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2000"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;53:243-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5909
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 63
      "HTML" => 5068
      "PDF" => 778
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1695403300774522"
    "issn" => "16954033"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77452-2"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-09-01"
    "aid" => "77452"
    "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;53:249-52"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 8427
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 311
        "HTML" => 6446
        "PDF" => 1670
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Estudio inmunohematológico de la enfermedad hemolítica ABO"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "249"
          "paginaFinal" => "252"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Immunohematologic study of ABO hemolytic disease"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J. Cid Vidal, E. Elies Fibla"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Cid Vidal"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E."
              "apellidos" => "Elies Fibla"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300774522?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/16954033/0000005300000003/v1_201307051516/S1695403300774522/v1_201307051516/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1695403300774509"
    "issn" => "16954033"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77450-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-09-01"
    "aid" => "77450"
    "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;53:241-2"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 6032
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 76
        "HTML" => 4843
        "PDF" => 1113
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Cefalohematoma como primera manifestación de déficit congénito de factor XIII"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "241"
          "paginaFinal" => "242"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Cephalohemoatoma as the first manifestation of congenital factor xiii deficiency"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C. García Arqueza, A. Gutiérrez Benjumea, J. Aguayo Maldonado, A. Almuedo Paz"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C."
              "apellidos" => "García Arqueza"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez Benjumea"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J."
              "apellidos" => "Aguayo Maldonado"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Almuedo Paz"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300774509?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/16954033/0000005300000003/v1_201307051516/S1695403300774509/v1_201307051516/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Profilaxis de la anemia de la prematuridad con eritropoyetina. Estudio caso-control"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "243"
        "paginaFinal" => "248"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "M.J. de la Torre Aguilar, F.J. Gascón Jiménez, M. Zapatero Martínez, J. Guzmán Cabañas, D. Huertas Muñoz, D. Ruiz González, P. Jaraba Caballero"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M.J."
            "apellidos" => "de la Torre Aguilar"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "F&#46;J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Gasc&#243;n Jim&#233;nez"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Zapatero Mart&#237;nez"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Guzm&#225;n Caba&#241;as"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Huertas Mu&#241;oz"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ruiz Gonz&#225;lez"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Jaraba Caballero"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Pediatr&#237;a&#46; Unidad de Neonatolog&#237;a&#46; Hospital Universitario Reina Sof&#237;a"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Juan Molina&#44; 3&#44; 1&#46;o 3&#46; 14005 C&#243;rdoba"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Prophylaxis of anemia of prematurity with erythropoietin&#46; case control study"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2000-02-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2000-06-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186426"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Eritropoyetina"
            1 => "Anemia de la prematuridad"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186427"
          "palabras" => array:2 [
            0 => "Erythropoietin"
            1 => "Anemia of prematurity"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar la eficacia del tratamiento con eritropoyetina humana recombinante &#40;rH-EPO&#41; en la profilaxis de la anemia del prematuro&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de casos y controles&#44; no aleatorizado&#44; retrospectivo de 108 pret&#233;rminos de peso &#60; 1&#46;500 gramos y edad gestacional &#60; 34 semanas&#46; Se excluyeron a los prematuros afectados de enfermedad hemol&#237;tica o hemorr&#225;gica y&#47;o fallecimiento durante los primeros d&#237;as de vida&#46; Fueron tratados 54 pacientes con rH-EPO &#40;250 U&#47;kg&#44; subcut&#225;nea&#44; 3 veces por semana&#41; durante 6 semanas&#46; Se a&#241;adi&#243; sulfato ferroso oral &#40;4-6 mg&#47;kg&#47;d&#237;a&#41; y un complejo polivitam&#237;nico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre ambos grupos no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a&#58; edad gestacional&#44; peso&#44; ferritina&#44; hemoglobina y hemat&#243;crito al ingreso&#44; n&#250;mero de extracciones y d&#237;as con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46; El n&#250;mero de transfusiones por ni&#241;o en el grupo sin rH-EPO fue de 1&#44;46 &#177; 1&#44;38&#44; frente a 0&#44;69 &#177; 1&#44;19 en el tratado &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;002&#41;&#46; Un 63&#37; de los ni&#241;os tratados no precisaron ser transfundidos frente a un 29&#37; del grupo control &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La hemoglobina media m&#225;s baja alcanzada fue de 8&#44;72 &#177; 2&#44;62 g&#47;dl en el grupo sin tratamiento&#44; frente a una hemoglobina de 9&#44;7 &#177; 2&#44;08 g&#47;dl en el que s&#237; lo recibi&#243;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La a dministraci&#243;n profil&#225;ctica de rH-EPO muestra una tendencia a disminuir el n&#250;mero de transfusiones en los prematuros de bajo peso&#44; siendo claramente eficaz en los pret&#233;rminos estables con un peso superior a 1&#46;000 gramos&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin &#40;rH-EPO&#41; in the prophylactic treatment of anemia of prematurity&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a non-randomised&#44; retrospective case control study of 108 premature babies with birth weights of less than 1500 grams and gestational age of less than 34 weeks&#46; Infants with hemolytic or hemorrhagic disease and those who died in the first days of life were excluded&#46; Fifty-four patients were treated with rHEPO &#40;250 U&#47;kg subcutaneously&#44; 3 times a week&#41; for 6 weeks&#46; A ferrous sulfate supplement was also administered orally &#40;4-6 mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#41; with a multivitamin complex&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There were no differences between groups in gestational age&#44; birth weight&#44; ferritin levels&#44; hematocrit and hemoglobin on admission&#44; amount of blood sampled and days with ventilatory support&#46; The number of transfusions per patient were 1&#46;46 &#177; 1&#46;38 in control group versus 0&#46;69 &#177; 1&#46;19 in rH-EPO-treated infants &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;002&#41;&#46; Sixty-three percent of infants in the treated group did not require blood transfusions compared with only 29&#46;7&#37; in the nontreated group &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The lowest mean hemoglobin was 8&#46;72 &#177; 2&#46;62 gr&#47;dl in the control group versus 9&#46;70 &#177; 2&#46;08 gr&#47;dl in the rH-EPO group&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prophylactic treatment with rH-EPO was effective in reducing the number of transfusions&#44; mainly in stable newborn infants with a birth weight greater than 1000 grams&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin in infants with the anemia of prematurity&#58; a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;S&#46; Halp&#233;rin"
                            1 => "P&#46; Wacker"
                            2 => "G&#46; Lacourt"
                            3 => "M&#46; F&#233;lix"
                            4 => "J&#46;F&#46; Babel"
                            5 => "M&#46; Aapro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "116"
                        "paginaInicial" => "779"
                        "paginaFinal" => "786"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1691780"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recombinant human erythropoietin in the anemia of prematurity&#58; results of a placebo-controlled pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Shannon"
                            1 => "W&#46;C&#46; Mentzer"
                            2 => "R&#46;I&#46; Abels"
                            3 => "P&#46; Freeman"
                            4 => "N&#46; Newton"
                            5 => "D&#46; Thompson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "118"
                        "paginaInicial" => "949"
                        "paginaFinal" => "955"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2040933"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anemia of prematurity&#58; determinants of erythropoietin response"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Stockman"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; Graeber"
                            2 => "D&#46;A&#46; Clark"
                            3 => "R&#46; McClellan"
                            4 => "R&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                            5 => "R&#46;E&#46;W&#46; Kavey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1984"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "paginaInicial" => "786"
                        "paginaFinal" => "792"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502312"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The anemia of prematurity&#58;factors governing the erythropoietin response"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A Stockman III"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "F&#46;A&#46; Oski"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM197703242961202"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "296"
                        "paginaInicial" => "647"
                        "paginaFinal" => "650"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/851485"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Circulating erythroid progenitors in the anemia of prematurity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Shannon"
                            1 => "G&#46;S&#46; Naylor"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Torkildson"
                            3 => "G&#46;K&#46; Clemons"
                            4 => "V&#46; Schaffner"
                            5 => "J&#46;L&#46; Doldman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM198709173171203"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "317"
                        "paginaInicial" => "728"
                        "paginaFinal" => "733"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3627181"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Responsiveness to recombinant erythropoietin of marrow erythroid progenitors in infants with anemia of prematurity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46;M&#46; Rhondeau"
                            1 => "R&#46;D&#46; Christensen"
                            2 => "M&#46;P&#46; Ross"
                            3 => "G&#46; Rothstein"
                            4 => "M&#46;A&#46; Simmons"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "935"
                        "paginaFinal" => "940"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enhancement of erythropoiesis by recombinant human erythropoietin in low birth weight infants&#58;a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Shannon"
                            1 => "W&#46;C&#46; Mentzer"
                            2 => "R&#46;I&#46; Abels"
                            3 => "M&#46; Wertz"
                            4 => "J&#46; Thayer-Moriyama"
                            5 => "W&#46; Yi Li"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "120"
                        "paginaInicial" => "586"
                        "paginaFinal" => "592"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1372652"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of low and moderate doses of recombinant human erythropoietin in low birth weight infants&#58;a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;G&#46; Bechesteen"
                            1 => "P&#46; Haga"
                            2 => "S&#46; Halvorsen"
                            3 => "K&#46; Liestol"
                            4 => "R&#46; Lidemann"
                            5 => "A&#46; Whitelaw"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "156"
                        "paginaInicial" => "56"
                        "paginaFinal" => "61"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9007493"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Double blind trial of recombinant human erythropoietin in preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46;B&#46; Emmerson"
                            1 => "H&#46;J&#46; Coles"
                            2 => "C&#46;M&#46;M&#46; Stern"
                            3 => "T&#46;C&#46; Pearson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "291"
                        "paginaFinal" => "296"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8466265"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Follow-up of very low birth weight infants after erythropoietin treatment to prevent anemia of prematurity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Soubasi"
                            1 => "G&#46; Kremenopoulos"
                            2 => "E&#46; Diamanti"
                            3 => "C&#46; Tsantali"
                            4 => "K&#46; Sarafidis"
                            5 => "D&#46; Tsakiris"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "127"
                        "paginaInicial" => "291"
                        "paginaFinal" => "297"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636658"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recobinant erythropoietin for the anemia of prematurity&#58;still a promise&#44; not a panacea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Strauss"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "131"
                        "paginaInicial" => "635"
                        "paginaFinal" => "655"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Cloherty"
                            1 => "A&#46;R&#46; Stark"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "edicion" => "3&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                        "titulo" => "Manual de cuidados neonatales"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "editorial" => "Masson&#44;S&#46;A"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Variations in transfusion practice in neonatal intensive care unit"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46;A&#46; Ringer"
                            1 => "D&#46;K&#46; Richardson"
                            2 => "R&#46;A&#46; Sacher"
                            3 => "M&#46; Keszler"
                            4 => "W&#46; Hallowell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "194"
                        "paginaFinal" => "200"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445491"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Extracciones y transfusiones en el reci&#233;n nacido pret&#233;rmino"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Rodr&#237;guez"
                            1 => "G&#46; Sol&#237;s"
                            2 => "S&#46; Ballesteros"
                            3 => "R&#46; Llaneza"
                            4 => "L&#46; Lagunilla"
                            5 => "C&#46; P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "55"
                        "paginaFinal" => "59"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9718768"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Extracciones sangu&#237;neas&#44; pol&#237;tica transfusional y eritropoyetina en el prematuro"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Figueras"
                            1 => "X&#46; Carbonell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "46"
                        "paginaFinal" => "48"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9718766"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection &#91;editorial&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;Y&#46; Dodd"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199208063270610"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "327"
                        "paginaInicial" => "419"
                        "paginaFinal" => "421"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1625717"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;G&#46; Donahue"
                            1 => "A&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            2 => "P&#46;M&#46; Ness"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199208063270601"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "327"
                        "paginaInicial" => "369"
                        "paginaFinal" => "373"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1320736"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of epoetin beta &#40;recombinant human erythropoietin&#41; on the need for transfusion in very-lowbirth-weight infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;F&#46; Maier"
                            1 => "M&#46; Obladen"
                            2 => "P&#46; Scigalla"
                            3 => "O&#46; Linderkamp"
                            4 => "G&#46; Duc"
                            5 => "G&#46; Hieronimi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199404283301701"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "330"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1173"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1178"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8139627"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recombinant human erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis and reduces erythrocyte transfusions in very low birth weight preterm infants"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Shannon"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Keith"
                            2 => "W&#46;C&#46; Mentzer"
                            3 => "R&#46;A&#46; Ehrenkranz"
                            4 => "M&#46;S&#46; Brown"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Widness"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7770284"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio multic&#233;ntrico aleatorizado de administraci&#243;n de eritropoyetina en la anemia de la prematuridad"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Javier"
                            1 => "A&#46; Natal"
                            2 => "W&#46; Coroleu"
                            3 => "A&#46; Zuasn&#225;bar"
                            4 => "J&#46; Bad&#237;a"
                            5 => "J&#46; Junc&#225;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "587"
                        "paginaFinal" => "592"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9297428"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of rHuEPO on blood transfusions in preterm infants after the fifteenth day of life"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Testa"
                            1 => "A&#46; Reali"
                            2 => "M&#46; Copula"
                            3 => "B&#46; Pinna"
                            4 => "F&#46; Birocchi"
                            5 => "C&#46; Pisu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "415"
                        "paginaFinal" => "420"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eficacia del uso precoz de eritropoyetina en reci&#233;n nacidos pret&#233;rmino de muy bajo peso&#44; cr&#237;ticamente enfermos&#58; ensayo cl&#237;nico controlado"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Lima-Rogel"
                            1 => "A&#46; Torres-Montes"
                            2 => "S&#46; Espinosa"
                            3 => "C&#46; Villegas"
                            4 => "F&#46; Hern&#225;ndez"
                            5 => "P&#46; Bisset"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sangre"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "191"
                        "paginaFinal" => "195"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9741224"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Erythropoietin and neonatal anemia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Strauss"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199404283301709"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "330"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1227"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1228"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8139633"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Erythropoietin &#40;rHuEPO&#41; administration to premature infants for the treatment of their anemia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Giannakopoulou"
                            1 => "I&#46; Bolonaki"
                            2 => "E&#46; Stiakaki"
                            3 => "H&#46; Dimitriou"
                            4 => "H&#46; Galanaki"
                            5 => "E&#46; Hatzidaki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eritropoyetina en la anemia de la prematuridad&#46; Factores neonatales predictores de transfusiones"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Sastre"
                            1 => "B&#46; Alonso"
                            2 => "R&#46; Montero"
                            3 => "T&#46; &#193;lvarez"
                            4 => "F&#46; Barbadillo"
                            5 => "I&#46; Carpintero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "49"
                        "paginaFinal" => "54"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9718767"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Optimizing the approach to anemia in the preterm infant&#58; is there a role for erythropoietin therapy&#945;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Asch"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Wedgwood"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "276"
                        "paginaFinal" => "282"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9280091"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utilidad de la eritropoyetina en el tratamiento de la anemia de la prematuridad&#46; Influencia del peso de nacimiento"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "X&#46; Carbonell"
                            1 => "J&#46; Figueras"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; P&#233;rez"
                            3 => "A&#46; F&#233;rnandez"
                            4 => "G&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            5 => "M&#46;D&#46; Salv&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "281"
                        "paginaFinal" => "286"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10575752"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of erythropoietin on the transfusion requirements of preterm infants weighing 750 grams or less&#58; a randomized&#44; doubleblind&#44;placebo-controlled study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;K&#46; Ohls"
                            1 => "J&#46; Harcum"
                            2 => "K&#46; Schibler"
                            3 => "R&#46;D&#46; Christensen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "131"
                        "paginaInicial" => "661"
                        "paginaFinal" => "665"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9403642"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Decreasing reticulocyte counts associated with declining post-dose erythropoietin plasma levels in anemia of prematurity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Meister"
                            1 => "A&#46; Khoss"
                            2 => "G&#46; Birda"
                            3 => "W&#46; Bocvk"
                            4 => "N&#46; Kolmer"
                            5 => "K&#46; Lischka"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biol Neonate"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "409"
                        "paginaFinal" => "415"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784632"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Commerford A&#46; A comparison of oral and intravenous iron suplementation in preterm infants receiving recombinant erythropoietin"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46;P&#46; Meyer"
                            1 => "C&#46; Haworth"
                            2 => "J&#46;H&#46; Meyer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "258"
                        "paginaFinal" => "263"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8765624"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for treatment of anemia of prematurity in very low birth weight infants&#58; a randomized&#44; double-blind&#44; placebo-controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Kumar"
                            1 => "S&#46; Shankaran"
                            2 => "R&#46;G&#46; Krishan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Perinatol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "173"
                        "paginaFinal" => "177"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9659643"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Erythropoietin therapy in neonates at risk of having bronchopulmonary dysplasia and requiring multiple transfusions"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Al-kharfy"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Smyth"
                            2 => "L&#46; Wadsworth"
                            3 => "G&#46; Krystal"
                            4 => "C&#46; Fitzgerald"
                            5 => "J&#46; Davis"
                            6 => "J&#46; Davis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "89"
                        "paginaFinal" => "96"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8757567"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/16954033/0000005300000003/v1_201307051516/S1695403300774510/v1_201307051516/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "14234"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Medicina fetal y neonatolog&#237;a"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/16954033/0000005300000003/v1_201307051516/S1695403300774510/v1_201307051516/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300774510?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 53. Núm. 3.
Páginas 243-248 (septiembre 2000)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 53. Núm. 3.
Páginas 243-248 (septiembre 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Profilaxis de la anemia de la prematuridad con eritropoyetina. Estudio caso-control
Prophylaxis of anemia of prematurity with erythropoietin. case control study
Visitas
9794
M.J. de la Torre Aguilar*, F.J. Gascón Jiménez, M. Zapatero Martínez, J. Guzmán Cabañas, D. Huertas Muñoz, D. Ruiz González, P. Jaraba Caballero
Departamento de Pediatría. Unidad de Neonatología. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Objetivo

Determinar la eficacia del tratamiento con eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rH-EPO) en la profilaxis de la anemia del prematuro.

Pacientes y método

Estudio de casos y controles, no aleatorizado, retrospectivo de 108 pretérminos de peso < 1.500 gramos y edad gestacional < 34 semanas. Se excluyeron a los prematuros afectados de enfermedad hemolítica o hemorrágica y/o fallecimiento durante los primeros días de vida. Fueron tratados 54 pacientes con rH-EPO (250 U/kg, subcutánea, 3 veces por semana) durante 6 semanas. Se añadió sulfato ferroso oral (4-6 mg/kg/día) y un complejo polivitamínico.

Resultados

Entre ambos grupos no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a: edad gestacional, peso, ferritina, hemoglobina y hematócrito al ingreso, número de extracciones y días con ventilación mecánica. El número de transfusiones por niño en el grupo sin rH-EPO fue de 1,46 ± 1,38, frente a 0,69 ± 1,19 en el tratado (p < 0,002). Un 63% de los niños tratados no precisaron ser transfundidos frente a un 29% del grupo control (p < 0,001). La hemoglobina media más baja alcanzada fue de 8,72 ± 2,62 g/dl en el grupo sin tratamiento, frente a una hemoglobina de 9,7 ± 2,08 g/dl en el que sí lo recibió.

Conclusiones

La a dministración profiláctica de rH-EPO muestra una tendencia a disminuir el número de transfusiones en los prematuros de bajo peso, siendo claramente eficaz en los pretérminos estables con un peso superior a 1.000 gramos.

Palabras clave:
Eritropoyetina
Anemia de la prematuridad
Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin (rH-EPO) in the prophylactic treatment of anemia of prematurity.

Patients and methods

We performed a non-randomised, retrospective case control study of 108 premature babies with birth weights of less than 1500 grams and gestational age of less than 34 weeks. Infants with hemolytic or hemorrhagic disease and those who died in the first days of life were excluded. Fifty-four patients were treated with rHEPO (250 U/kg subcutaneously, 3 times a week) for 6 weeks. A ferrous sulfate supplement was also administered orally (4-6 mg/kg/day) with a multivitamin complex.

Results

There were no differences between groups in gestational age, birth weight, ferritin levels, hematocrit and hemoglobin on admission, amount of blood sampled and days with ventilatory support. The number of transfusions per patient were 1.46 ± 1.38 in control group versus 0.69 ± 1.19 in rH-EPO-treated infants (p < 0.002). Sixty-three percent of infants in the treated group did not require blood transfusions compared with only 29.7% in the nontreated group (p < 0.001). The lowest mean hemoglobin was 8.72 ± 2.62 gr/dl in the control group versus 9.70 ± 2.08 gr/dl in the rH-EPO group.

Conclusions

Prophylactic treatment with rH-EPO was effective in reducing the number of transfusions, mainly in stable newborn infants with a birth weight greater than 1000 grams.

Keywords:
Erythropoietin
Anemia of prematurity
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
D.S. Halpérin, P. Wacker, G. Lacourt, M. Félix, J.F. Babel, M. Aapro, et al.
Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin in infants with the anemia of prematurity: a pilot study.
J Pediatr, 116 (1990), pp. 779-786
[2.]
K.M. Shannon, W.C. Mentzer, R.I. Abels, P. Freeman, N. Newton, D. Thompson, et al.
Recombinant human erythropoietin in the anemia of prematurity: results of a placebo-controlled pilot study.
J Pediatr, 118 (1991), pp. 949-955
[3.]
J.A. Stockman, J.E. Graeber, D.A. Clark, R. McClellan, R. García, R.E.W. Kavey, et al.
Anemia of prematurity: determinants of erythropoietin response.
J Pediatr, 105 (1984), pp. 786-792
[4.]
J.A Stockman III, J.F. García, F.A. Oski.
The anemia of prematurity:factors governing the erythropoietin response.
N Engl J Med, 296 (1977), pp. 647-650
[5.]
K.M. Shannon, G.S. Naylor, J.C. Torkildson, G.K. Clemons, V. Schaffner, J.L. Doldman, et al.
Circulating erythroid progenitors in the anemia of prematurity.
N Engl J Med, 317 (1987), pp. 728-733
[6.]
S.M. Rhondeau, R.D. Christensen, M.P. Ross, G. Rothstein, M.A. Simmons, et al.
Responsiveness to recombinant erythropoietin of marrow erythroid progenitors in infants with anemia of prematurity.
J Pediatr, 12 (1988), pp. 935-940
[7.]
K.M. Shannon, W.C. Mentzer, R.I. Abels, M. Wertz, J. Thayer-Moriyama, W. Yi Li, et al.
Enhancement of erythropoiesis by recombinant human erythropoietin in low birth weight infants:a pilot study.
J Pediatr, 120 (1992), pp. 586-592
[8.]
A.G. Bechesteen, P. Haga, S. Halvorsen, K. Liestol, R. Lidemann, A. Whitelaw, et al.
Effect of low and moderate doses of recombinant human erythropoietin in low birth weight infants:a pilot study.
Eur J Pediatr, 156 (1997), pp. 56-61
[9.]
A.J.B. Emmerson, H.J. Coles, C.M.M. Stern, T.C. Pearson.
Double blind trial of recombinant human erythropoietin in preterm infants.
Arch Dis Child, 68 (1993), pp. 291-296
[10.]
V. Soubasi, G. Kremenopoulos, E. Diamanti, C. Tsantali, K. Sarafidis, D. Tsakiris.
Follow-up of very low birth weight infants after erythropoietin treatment to prevent anemia of prematurity.
J Pediatr, 127 (1995), pp. 291-297
[11.]
R.G. Strauss.
Recobinant erythropoietin for the anemia of prematurity:still a promise, not a panacea.
J Pediatr, 131 (1997), pp. 635-655
[12.]
J.P. Cloherty, A.R. Stark.
Manual de cuidados neonatales, 3.a, Masson,S.A, (1999),
[13.]
S.A. Ringer, D.K. Richardson, R.A. Sacher, M. Keszler, W. Hallowell.
Variations in transfusion practice in neonatal intensive care unit.
Pediatrics, 101 (1998), pp. 194-200
[14.]
A. Rodríguez, G. Solís, S. Ballesteros, R. Llaneza, L. Lagunilla, C. Pérez.
Extracciones y transfusiones en el recién nacido pretérmino.
An Esp Pediatr, 49 (1998), pp. 55-59
[15.]
J. Figueras, X. Carbonell.
Extracciones sanguíneas, política transfusional y eritropoyetina en el prematuro.
An Esp Pediatr, 49 (1998), pp. 46-48
[16.]
R.Y. Dodd.
The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection [editorial].
N Engl J Med, 327 (1992), pp. 419-421
[17.]
J.G. Donahue, A. Muñoz, P.M. Ness, et al.
The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection.
N Engl J Med, 327 (1992), pp. 369-373
[18.]
R.F. Maier, M. Obladen, P. Scigalla, O. Linderkamp, G. Duc, G. Hieronimi, et al.
The effect of epoetin beta (recombinant human erythropoietin) on the need for transfusion in very-lowbirth-weight infants.
N Engl J Med, 330 (1994), pp. 1173-1178
[19.]
K.M. Shannon, J.F. Keith, W.C. Mentzer, R.A. Ehrenkranz, M.S. Brown, J.A. Widness, et al.
Recombinant human erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis and reduces erythrocyte transfusions in very low birth weight preterm infants.
Pediatrics, 95 (1995), pp. 1-8
[20.]
G. Javier, A. Natal, W. Coroleu, A. Zuasnábar, J. Badía, J. Juncá, et al.
Estudio multicéntrico aleatorizado de administración de eritropoyetina en la anemia de la prematuridad.
An Esp Pediatr, 46 (1997), pp. 587-592
[21.]
M. Testa, A. Reali, M. Copula, B. Pinna, F. Birocchi, C. Pisu, et al.
Role of rHuEPO on blood transfusions in preterm infants after the fifteenth day of life.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 15 (1998), pp. 415-420
[22.]
V. Lima-Rogel, A. Torres-Montes, S. Espinosa, C. Villegas, F. Hernández, P. Bisset, et al.
Eficacia del uso precoz de eritropoyetina en recién nacidos pretérmino de muy bajo peso, críticamente enfermos: ensayo clínico controlado.
Sangre, 43 (1998), pp. 191-195
[23.]
R.G. Strauss.
Erythropoietin and neonatal anemia.
N Engl J Med, 330 (1994), pp. 1227-1228
[24.]
C. Giannakopoulou, I. Bolonaki, E. Stiakaki, H. Dimitriou, H. Galanaki, E. Hatzidaki, et al.
Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) administration to premature infants for the treatment of their anemia.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 15 (1998), pp. 37-43
[25.]
E. Sastre, B. Alonso, R. Montero, T. Álvarez, F. Barbadillo, I. Carpintero, et al.
Eritropoyetina en la anemia de la prematuridad. Factores neonatales predictores de transfusiones.
An Esp Pediatr, 49 (1998), pp. 49-54
[26.]
J. Asch, J.F. Wedgwood.
Optimizing the approach to anemia in the preterm infant: is there a role for erythropoietin therapyα.
J Perinatol, 17 (1997), pp. 276-282
[27.]
X. Carbonell, J. Figueras, J.M. Pérez, A. Férnandez, G. González, M.D. Salvía.
Utilidad de la eritropoyetina en el tratamiento de la anemia de la prematuridad. Influencia del peso de nacimiento.
An Esp Pediatr, 51 (1999), pp. 281-286
[28.]
R.K. Ohls, J. Harcum, K. Schibler, R.D. Christensen.
The effect of erythropoietin on the transfusion requirements of preterm infants weighing 750 grams or less: a randomized, doubleblind,placebo-controlled study.
J Pediatr, 131 (1997), pp. 661-665
[29.]
B. Meister, A. Khoss, G. Birda, W. Bocvk, N. Kolmer, K. Lischka, et al.
Decreasing reticulocyte counts associated with declining post-dose erythropoietin plasma levels in anemia of prematurity.
Biol Neonate, 74 (1998), pp. 409-415
[30.]
H.P. Meyer, C. Haworth, J.H. Meyer.
Commerford A. A comparison of oral and intravenous iron suplementation in preterm infants receiving recombinant erythropoietin.
J Pediatr, 129 (1996), pp. 258-263
[31.]
P. Kumar, S. Shankaran, R.G. Krishan.
Recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for treatment of anemia of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
J Perinatol, 18 (1998), pp. 173-177
[32.]
T. Al-kharfy, J.A. Smyth, L. Wadsworth, G. Krystal, C. Fitzgerald, J. Davis, J. Davis, et al.
Erythropoietin therapy in neonates at risk of having bronchopulmonary dysplasia and requiring multiple transfusions.
J Pediatr, 129 (1996), pp. 89-96
Copyright © 2000. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?