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Vol. 59. Núm. 1.
Páginas 19-24 (julio 2003)
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Vol. 59. Núm. 1.
Páginas 19-24 (julio 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Nutrición enteral transpilórica en el niño críticamente enfermo (I): técnica e indicaciones
Transpyloric enteral nutrition in critically-ill children (I): Technic and indications
Visitas
16515
C. Sánchez Sáncheza, J. López-Herce Cid
,a
, A. Carrillo Álvareza, A. Bustinza Arriortúaa, I. Sancho Péreza, D. Vigil Escribanob
a Sección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Gestión de Calidad. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
b Unidad de Investigación. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Gestión de Calidad. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
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Objetivo

Estudiar la utilidad y eficacia de la nutrición enteral transpilórica (NET) en el niño críticamente enfermo, analizando los factores que influyen en la tolerancia digestiva

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo observacional realizado entre 1994 y 2002, de los niños críticamente enfermos, ingresados que recibieron NET. En este estudio se analizan las indicaciones, el tipo de nutrición y su duración

Resultados

Se incluyen 286 pacientes (el 8,4 % de los pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos), de edades entre 3 días y 17 años de edad recibieron nutrición transpilórica: 55 niños (19,2 %) eran menores de un mes de vida, y 165 (57,7 %), menores de 6 meses. El 70% recibieron exclusivamente NET. La indicación más frecuente de NET fue la ventilación mecánica, en 255 niños (89,2 %). Recibieron NET en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca 176 pacientes (61,5 %). La duración media de la NET fue 15,4 ± 25 días, el volumen máximo de 118,7 ± 41ml/kg/día y las calorías máximas de 88,6 ± 26,7kcal/kg/ día. Durante la NET, 227 pacientes recibieron sedantes y analgésicos (79,3 %), y 124 relajantes musculares (43,3 %), sin modificar la tolerancia

Conclusiones

La NET es una técnica de alimentación útil en el niño críticamente enfermo

Palabras clave:
Nutrición enteral transpilórica
Niño críticamente enfermo
Cuidados intensivos pediátricos
Nutrición enteral
Objective

To study the utility and efficacy of transpyloric enteral nutrition (TEN) in critically-ill children by analyzing the factors that determine enteral tolerance

Patients and methods

We performed a prospective, observational study between 1994 and 2002 of all critically-ill children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit who received TEN. The indications for enteral nutrition, type of nutrition and its duration were studied

Results

A total of 286 patients (8.4 % of patients admitted to the PICU in the study period), aged between 3 days and 17 years received TEN. Fifty-five children (19.2 %) were aged less than 1 month and 165 (27.7 %) were aged less than 6 months. Seventy percent received TEN exclusively. The most frequent indication for TEN was mechanical ventilation in 255 children (89.2 %). One hundred seventy-six patients (61.5 %) received TEN in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery. The mean duration of TEN was 15.4 ± 25 days, the maximum volume of nutrition was 118.7 ± 41ml/kg/day, and the maximum caloric intake was 88.6 ± 26.7kcal/kg/day. During TEN, 227 patients received sedation (79.3 %), and 124 were administered muscle relaxants (43.3 %), with no increase in complications

Conclusions

TEN is a useful method of nutrition in critically-ill children

Key words:
Transpyloric enteral nutrition
Critically-ill children
Pediatric intensive care
Enteral nutrition
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