Información de la revista
Vol. 59. Núm. 1.
Páginas 25-30 (julio 2003)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 59. Núm. 1.
Páginas 25-30 (julio 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Nutrición enteral transpilórica en el niño críticamente enfermo (II): complicaciones
Transpyloric enteral nutrition in critically-ill children (II): Complications
Visitas
14102
C. Sánchez Sáncheza, J. López-Herce Cid
,a
, A. Carrillo Álvareza, A. Bustinza Arriortúaa, I. Sancho Péreza, D. Vigil Escribanob
a Sección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Gestión de Calidad. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
b Unidad de Investigación. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Gestión de Calidad. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Objetivo

Estudiar la tolerancia e incidencia de complicaciones secundarias a la nutrición enteral transpilórica (NET) en el niño críticamente enfermo

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo observacional realizado entre 1994 y 2002, de los niños críticamente enfermos ingresados que recibieron NET. En este estudio se analizan la tolerancia y presencia de complicaciones de la nutrición

Resultados

De los 286 pacientes que recibieron nutrición transpilórica, el 13,6 % presentaron complicaciones digestivas, el 8% distensión abdominal y/o excesivos restos gástricos y el 6,3% diarrea. La diarrea se relacionó con la presencia de shock (p=0,01), distensión abdominal y/o excesivos restos digestivos (p=0,008), hipofosfatemia (p < 0,001) y duración de la NET (p=0,001). En un 2,1% de los pacientes la alimentación transpilórica tuvo que ser suspendida debido a complicaciones digestivas. 32 pacientes (11,2 %) fallecieron. La mortalidad no se relacionó con ninguna característica de la nutrición ni con las complicaciones

Conclusiones

La NET es una técnica de alimentación bien tolerada y con escasas complicaciones en el niño críticamente enfermo

Palabras clave:
Nutrición enteral transpilórica
Niño críticamente enfermo
Cuidados intensivos pediátricos
Nutrición enteral
Objective

To study tolerance to transpyloric enteral nutrition (TEN) and the incidence of secondary complications in critically-ill children

Patients and methods

We performed a prospective, observational study between 1994 and 2002 of all critically-ill children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit who received TEN. Tolerance and complications were analyzed

Results

Of 286 patients aged between 3 days and 17 years who received TEN, gastrointestinal complications occurred in 13.6 %, abdominal distention and/or excessive gastric residue in 8% and diarrhea in 6.3 %. Diarrhea was associated with shock (p=0.01), abdominal distension and/ or excessive gastric residue (p=0.008), hypophosphatemia (p=0.001), and duration of TEN (p < 0.001). TEN was discontinued in 2.1 % of the patients because of gastrointestinal complications. Thirty-two patients (11.2 %) died during TEN. No relationship was found between the characteristics of nutrition and complications and mortality

Conclusions

TEN is a well tolerated method of nutrition in critically- ill children that produces few complications

Key words:
Transpyloric enteral nutrition
Critically-ill children
Pediatric intensive care
Enteral nutrition
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C. Galbán, J.C. Montejo, A. Mesejo, P. Marco, S. Celaya, J.M. Sánchez- Segura, et al.
An inmune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients.
Crit Care Med, 28 (2000), pp. 643-648
[2.]
R.J. Hadfield, D.G. Sinclair, P.E. Houldsworth, T.W. Evans.
Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the critically ill.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 1545-1548
[3.]
M.J. Chellis, S.V. Sanders, H. Webster, J.M. Dean, D. Jackson.
Early enteral feeding in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Jpen, 20 (1996), pp. 71-73
[4.]
C.M. Dunham, D. Frankelfield, H. Belzberg, C. Wiles, B. Cushing, Z. Grantz.
Gut failure-predictor of or contributor to mortality in mechanically ventilated blunt trauma patients?.
J Trauma, 37 (1994), pp. 30-34
[5.]
C. Sánchez, E. Panadero, M. Hortelano, E. García, A. Izquierdo, J. López-Herce.
Enterocolitis necrotizante en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca en el período neonatal.
An Esp Pediatr, 49 (1998), pp. 185-187
[6.]
E. Panadero, J. López-Herce, L. Caro, A. Sánchez, E. Cueto, A. Bustinza, et al.
Transpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill children.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 26 (1998), pp. 43-48
[7.]
C. De Lucas, M. Moreno, J. López-Herce, F. Ruiz, M. Pérez-palencia, A. Carrillo.
Transpyloric enteral nutrition reduces the complication rate and cost in the critically ill child.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 30 (2000), pp. 175-180
[8.]
C. Sánchez, J. López-Herce, M. Moreno de Guerra, A. Carrillo, R. Moral, L. Sancho.
The use of transpyloric enteral nutrition in the critically ill child.
J Intensive Care Med, 15 (2000), pp. 247-254
[9.]
C. Sánchez Sánchez, J. López-Herce Cid, A. Carrillo Álvarez, A. Bustinza Arriortúa, L. Sancho Pérez, D. Vigil Escribano.
Nutrición enteral transpilórica en el niño críticamente enfermo (I): Técnica e indicaciones.
An Pediatr (Barc), 59 (2003), pp. 19-24
[10.]
R. Pettignano, M. Heard, R. Davis, M. Labuz, M. Hart.
Total enteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Crit Care Med, 26 (1998), pp. 358-366
[11.]
M.R. Harris, J.S. Huseby.
Pulmonary complications from nasoenteral feeding insertion in a intensive care unit: Incidence and prevention.
Crit Care Med, 17 (1989), pp. 917-919
[12.]
C.H. Pactrick, J. Goodin, J. Fogarty.
Complication of prolonged transpyloric feeding: Formation of an enterocutaneous fistula.
J Pediatr Surg, 22 (1988), pp. 1023-1024
[13.]
L.A. Latchaw, N.N. Jacir, B.H. Harris.
The development of pyloric stenosis during transpyloric feedings.
J Pediatr Surg, 24 (1989), pp. 823-824
[14.]
M.A. Montecalvo, K.A. Steger, H.W. Farber, B.F. Smith, R.C. Dennis, G.F. Fitzpatrick, et al.
Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings.
Crit Care Med, 10 (1992), pp. 1377-1387
[15.]
L. Gianotti, J.W. Nelson, J.W. Alexander, C.L. Chalk, T. Pyles.
Postinjury hypermetabolic response and magnitude of bacterial translocation: Prevention by early enteral nutrition.
Nutrition, 10 (1994), pp. 225-231
[16.]
J. Esparza, M.A. Boivin, M.F. Hartshorne, H. Levy.
Equal aspiration rates in gastrically and transpylorically fed critically ill patients.
Intensive Care Med, 27 (2001), pp. 660-664
[17.]
J.C. Montejo, T. Grau, J. Acosta, S. Ruiz-Santana, M. Planas, A. García- De-Lorenzo, et al.
Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units. Multicenter, prospective, randomized, single- blind study comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients.
Crit Care Med, 30 (2002), pp. 796-800
[18.]
A. Torres, R. Aznar, J.M. Gatell, P. Jiménez, J. González, A. Ferrer, et al.
Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 142 (1990), pp. 523-528
[19.]
E.J. Glass, R. Hume, M.A. Lang, J.O. Forfar.
Parenteral nutrition compared with transpyloric feeding.
Arch Dis Child, 59 (1984), pp. 131-135
[20.]
H. Mentec, H. Dupont, M. Bochetti, P. Cani, F. Ponche, G. Bleichner.
Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Frequency, risk factors and complications.
Crit Care Med, 29 (2001), pp. 1955-1961
[21.]
J.C. Montejo.
Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: A multicenter study. The nutritional and metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units.
Crit Care Med, 27 (1999), pp. 1652-1653
[22.]
T.W. Graham, D.B. Zadrozny, T. Harrington.
The benefits of early jejunal hyperalimentation in the head-injured patient.
Neurosurgery, 25 (1989), pp. 729-735
[23.]
C. Seron Arbeloa, M. Avellanas Chavala, C. Homs Gimeno, A. Larraz Vileta, J. Laplaza Marin.
Descriptive analysis of the nutritional support in a polyvalent intensive care unit. Complications of enteral nutrition.
Nutr Hosp, 14 (1999), pp. 217-222
[24.]
T.E. Edes, B.E. Walk, J.L. Austin.
Diarrhea in tube-fed patients: Feeding formula not necessarily the cause.
Am J Med, 88 (1990), pp. 91-93
[25.]
J.E. Tysson, K.A. Kennedy.
Minimal enteral nutrition for promoting feeding tolerance and preventing morbidity in parenterally fed infants.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2 (2001), pp. 1-7
[26.]
D.K. Heyland, D.J. Cook, B. Winder, L. Brylowsky, H. Van de Ark, H. Guya.
Enteral nutrition in the critically ill: A prospective survey.
Crit Care Med, 23 (1995), pp. 1055-1059
[27.]
A.R. Davies, P.R. Froomes, C.J. French, R. Bellomo, G.A. Gutteridge, L. Nyulasi, et al.
Randomized comparison of nasojejunal and nasogastric feeding in critically ill patients.
Crit Care Med, 30 (2002), pp. 586-590
[28.]
C.W. Broner, G.L. Stidham, D.F. Westenkirchner, E.A. Tolley.
Hypermagnesemia and hypocalcemia as predictors of high mortality in critically ill pediatric patients.
Crit Care Med, 18 (1990), pp. 921-928
Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?