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Vol. 53. Núm. 3.
Páginas 217-222 (septiembre 2000)
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Vol. 53. Núm. 3.
Páginas 217-222 (septiembre 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Eficacia de la administración precoz de bromuro de ipratropio nebulizado en niños con crisis asmática
Efficacy of early administration of nebulized ipratropium bromide in children with acute asthma attack
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20251
J. Benito Fernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
jbenito@hcru.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Urgencias de Pediatría. Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Pl. de Cruces, s/n. 48903 Barakaldo. Vizcaya
, S. Mintegui Rasoa, J. Sánchez Echaniza, M.A. Vázquez Roncoa, J.I. Pijoan Zubizarretab
a Unidad de Urgencias de Pediatría. Departamento de Pediatría
b Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica.Hospital de Cruces. Barakaldo. Vizcaya
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Objetivo

Determinar la eficacia de la administración conjunta de bromuro de ipratropio y salbutamol nebulizado en el tratamiento de las crisis asmáticas moderadas-severas de los niños.

Métodos

Se estudiaron 102 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 5 meses y 16 años, asignándoles, de forma aleatoria y doble ciego, a 2 grupos. Todos los pacientes recibieron tratamiento con salbutamol nebulizado, 0,2 mg/kg y corticoïdes por vía oral, 1 mg/kg. El grupo A recibió 2 dosis de bromuro de ipratropio nebulizado (250 mg/dosis) y el grupo B placebo. Antes de iniciar el tratamiento y a los 120 minutos, se valoró por escala clínica (frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia respiratoria, disnea, retracciones y sibilancias) puntuándola de 0 a 5 y la saturación de oxígeno.

Resultados

Basalmente, no se observaron diferencias en la puntuación de la escala clínica (grupo A: 4,45; grupo B: 4,43) ni en la saturación de oxígeno (grupo A: 93,05%, grupo B: 92,78%). A los 120 minutos de iniciado el estudio, tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos de estudio: escala clínica (grupo A: 2,45; grupo B: 2,74) y saturación de oxígeno (grupo A: 94,33%; grupo B: 94,03%). El porcentaje de ingresos fue inferior en el grupo A (35%) que en el grupo B (53%) (p = 0,07). En los pacientes con crisis más graves (escala inicial = 5), tanto la puntuación de la escala clínica tras el tratamiento (grupo A: 2,69; grupo B: 3,32), como el porcentaje de ingresos (grupo A: 39%; grupo B: 73%) resultaron significativamente inferiores en el grupo A (p < 0,05).

Conclusión

La administración de bromuro de ipratropio combinado a dosis repetidas de salbutamol nebulizado tiene un efecto clínico beneficioso muy discreto en relación con los niños que reciben únicamente salbutamol. Este efecto beneficioso se traduce en una reducción en las tasas de ingreso, sobre todo en los pacientes más graves.

Palabras clave:
Bromuro de ipratropio
Crisis asmática
Niños
Objective

To determine the efficacy of adding ipratropium bromide to nebulized salbutamol in the treatment of children with moderate-to-severe acute asthma attacks.

Methods

A total of 102 patients aged between 5 months and 16 years were included in a double-blind randomized trial. All patients were given nebulized salbutamol (0.2 mg/kg) and oral steroids (1 mg/kg). Patients in group A received two doses of nebulized ipratropium bromide (250 mg per dose) and patients in group B were given placebo. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) and a clinical score (heart rate, respiratory rate, dyspnea, retraction of the intercostal spaces, and wheezing) rated from 0 to 5 were measured before treatment and at 120 min.

Results

Patients in both groups showed similar SaO2 values and clinical scores at baseline (group A, 93.05% and 4.45; group B, 92.78% and 4.43) and at 120 min (group A, 94.33% and 2.45; group B, 94.03% and 2.74), but the percentage of patients admitted to the hospital was higher in group B than in group A (53% vs 35%, p = 0.07). In the subset of patients with the most severe attacks (baseline score 5), the clinical score after treatment and the percentage of admissions were significantly higher in group B (n = 22) than in group A (n = 23) (3.32 vs 2.69 and 73% vs 39%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Coadministration of ipratropium bromide and repeat doses of nebulized salbutamol produced a small beneficial clinical effect compared with administration of nebulized salbutamol alone. This beneficial effect was related to a decrease in the hospitalization rate, particularly in patients with severe asthma attacks.

Key words:
Ipratropium bromide
Hospital admission rates
Asthma attack
Children
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