Información de la revista
Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 32-37 (enero 2001)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 32-37 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Títulos de anti-HBs tras un programa de vacunación en niños y adolescentes: ¿revacunar?
Anti-hepatitis b Virus Surface Antigen Titers After a Vaccination Program In Children And Adolescents. Should a Booster Dose Be Given?
Visitas
7461
L.A. García Llopa,
Autor para correspondencia
lugallo@retemail.es

Correspondencia: San Jacinto, 27-28. 46008 Valencia
, A. Asensi Alcoverroa, P. Coll Mása, M.aA. Ramada Beneditob, C. Grafiá Juana
a Centro de Salud de Manises. Valencia
b Centro de Salud Ingeniero Joaquín Benlloch. Valencia
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Objetivo

Tras haber pasado 6 años desde el inicio de la campaña de vacunación masiva de la hepatitis B en recién nacidos y adolescentes (12 años), se pretende conocer la eficacia e inmunogenicidad de la misma, la persistencia de los valores de anti-HBs y la necesidad de realizar dosis de recuerdo.

Material y métodos

Se utilizó la vacuna Engerix® desde 1993 hasta 1987 (10 μg) y desde entonces la vacuna Recombivax® (5 μg). El calendario vacunal fue el estándar de 3 dosis (0, 1 y 6 años). Para realizar el estudio se aprovechó cualquier análisis de sangre para cuantificar el título de anti-HBs, entre octubre de 1998 y mayo de 2000.

Resultados

Se obtuvieron 382 casos. A los 5 años de la primera dosis, el 96,1% (73/76) tenían anti-HBs y el 75% (57/76) por encima de 10 U/l. A los 6–7 años de la vacunación, en el 94,1% (32/34) de los niños se detectaba anti-HBs y en el 70,6% (24/34) de éstos por encima de 10 U/l. Sólo en 5 niños fue negativo el anticuerpo.

Conclusiones

En este estudio se ha encontrado un alto porcentaje de niños con buenos valores de anti-HBs, tras 6–7 años de la vacunación. La bibliografía reciente demuestra que, dada la memoria inmunológica que produce la vacuna, no es necesaria la revacunación. También debe olvidarse el denominado nivel protectivo de anti-HBs (> 10 U/l), sólo válido cuando se aplica inmunidad pasiva con inmunoglobu-linas.

Palabras clave:
acuna de la hepatitis B
Antígeno
Dosis
Calendario
Inmunización
Recién nacido
Adolescente
Memoria in-munológica
Objectives

To determine the efficacy and immunogenicity achieved 6 years after the start of a massive vaccination campaign against hepatitis B in newborn infants and adolescents (12 years). The persistence of anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) levels and the need for a booster dose were also assessed.

Material and methods

From 1993 to 1997 the Engerix® vaccine (10 μg) was used and since then the Recombivax® vaccine (5 ^.g). The vaccination schedule was the standard of three doses (0, 1, 6). Blood analyses were used for determination of anti-HBs between October of 1998 and May of 2000.

Results

We studied 382 cases. Five years after the first dose, 96.1% (73/76) had anti-HBs and in 75% (57/76) levels were above 10 Ul/l. Six to seven years after vaccination anti-HBs were detected in 94.1 % (32/34) of the children and in 70.6% (24/34) of these, levels were above 10 Ul/l.

Conclusions

A high percentage of children were found to have good levels of anti-HBs 6–7 years after vaccination. Recent studies show that booster doses are not required because of the immunologic memory that produces the vaccine. The anti-HB protective level (> 10 Ul/l) should not be taken into consideration because this level is only valid when passive immunity with immunoglobulins is applied.

Key words:
epatitis B vaccine
Antigen
Dose
Schedule
Immunization
Adolescent
Immunologic memory
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliogrífia
[1.]
H.S. Margolis.
Prevention of acute and chronic liver disease through immunization: hepatitis B and beyond.
J Infect Dis, 168 (1993), pp. 9-14
[2.]
S.M. Lemon, D.L. Thomas.
Vaccines to prevent viral hepatitis.
N Engl J Med, 336 (1997), pp. 196-204
[3.]
American Academy of Paediatrics.
pp. 325-340
[4.]
Manual de Vacunas en Pediatría.
Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la AEP 1.a ed, (1996), pp. 106-118
[5.]
Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Environmental Health.
Thimerosal in Vaccines.
An Interim Report to Clinicians Pediatrics, 104 (1999), pp. 570-574
[6.]
M. Piazza, N. Abrescia, L. Picciotto, R. Orlando, R. Cerini, G. Borgia, et al.
Demonstration of the interchangeability of 2 types of recombinant anti-hepatitis B vaccine.
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper, 69 (1993), pp. 273-280
[7.]
Generalitat Valenciana.
Dirección General de Salud Pública.
Servicio de Salud Infantil, (1998),
[8.]
Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la AEP.
An Esp Pediatr, 51 (1999), pp. 120-126
[9.]
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Hepatitis B Vaccine. Making progress.
EPI Update, (1996),
[10.]
M.C. Honorati, A. Palareti, P. Dolzani, C.A. Busachi, R. Rizzoli, A. Facchini.
A mathematical model predicting anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) decay after vaccination against hepatitis B.
Clin Exp Immunol, 116 (1999), pp. 121-126
[11.]
S.S. Liao, R.C. Li, H. Li, J.Y. Yang, X.J. Zeng, J. Gong, et al.
Long-term efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine: a 15 year follow-up study among Chinese children.
Vaccine, 17 (1999), pp. 2661-2666
[12.]
M.F. Yuen, W.L. Lim, C.C. Cheng, S.K. Lam, C.L. Lai.
Twelve-year follow-up of a prospective randomized trail of hepatitis B recombinant DNA yeast vaccine versus plasma-derived vaccine without booster doses in children.
Hepatology, 29 (1999), pp. 924-927
[13.]
R.B. Wainwright, L.R. Bulkow, A.J. Parkinson, C. Zanis, B.J. McMahon.
Protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population: results of a 10 year study.
J Infect Dis, 175 (1997), pp. 674-677
[14.]
J.S. Wu, L.Y. Hwang, K.J. Goodman, R.P. Beasley.
Hepatitis B in high-risk infants: 10 year follow-up.
J Infect Dis, 179 (1999), pp. 1319-1325
[15.]
H. Xu, G. Zhuan.
Evaluation of the effectiveness nine years after primary immunization with local produced plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.
Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Child, 32 (1998), pp. 205-207
[16.]
E. Tabor, J. Cairns, R.J. Gerety, A.C. Bayley.
Nine-year follow-up study a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in a rural African setting.
J Med Virol, 40 (1993), pp. 204-209
[17.]
F.Z. Al-Faleh, M. Al-Jeffri, S. Ramia, R. Al-Rashed, M. Arif, M. Rezeig, et al.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis b vaccination programme.
J Infect, 38 (1999), pp. 167-170
[18.]
D.b. Lin, H.M. Wang, Y.L. Lee, U.P. Ling, S.P. Changlai, C.J. Chen.
Immune status in preschool children born after mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan.
Vaccine, 16 (1998), pp. 1683-1687
[19.]
M. Resti, C. Azzari, M.E. Rossi, C. Adami Lami, F. Tucci, A. Vierucci.
Five-year follow-up of vaccination against hepatitis B virus in newborns vaccinated with a reduced number of doses.
Vaccine, 9 (1991), pp. 15-18
[20.]
L.R. Bulkow, R.B. Wainwright, B.J. McMahon, A.J. Parkinson.
Increases in levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in an immunized population.
Clin Infect Dis, 26 (1988), pp. 933-937
[21.]
P. Bonanni, R. Colombai, R. Gasparini, A. Lo Nostro, E. Tiscione, A. Tomei, et al.
Impact of rutine infant and adolescent hepatitis B vaccination in Tuscany, Central Italy.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 18 (1999), pp. 677-682
[22.]
Z. Mintai, L. Kezhou, D. Lieming, R.A. Smego Jr..
Duration of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in high-risk Chinesse adolescents.
Clin Infect Dis, 16 (1993), pp. 165-167
[23.]
P. Coursaget, D. Leboulleux, M. Soumare, P. le Cann, B. Yvonnet, J.P. Chiron, et al.
Twelve-year follow-up study of hepatitis B immunization of Senegalese infants.
J Hepatol, 21 (1994), pp. 250-254
[24.]
J.C. Tejedor Torres, S. Reyes Pecharroman, A. Pérez Rivilla, M. Sayalero Martín, R. Aybar García, L. Sánchez de León, et al.
Eficacia a largo plazo de la vacuna recombinante de hepatitis B en recién nacidos.
An Esp Pediatr, 39 (1993), pp. 243-247
[25.]
X. Zhang, Y. Xing, L. Shen.
Follow-up on hepatitis B immunized neonates born to HBsAg positive mothers.
Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih, 32 (1998), pp. 97-99
[26.]
R. Del Canho, P.M. Grosheide, J.A. Mazel, R.A. Heijtink, W.C. Hop, L.J. Gerards, et al.
Ten-year neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program, The Netherlands, 1982–1992: protective efficacy and long-term immunogenicity.
Vaccine, 15 (1997), pp. 1624-1630
[27.]
M.A. Kohn, T.A. Farley, C. Scott.
The need for more aggressive folow-up of children born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mother: lessons from the Louisiana Perinatal Hepatitis B Immunization Program.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 15 (1996), pp. 535-540
[28.]
L. Ding, M. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. Zhou, W. Kong, R.A. Smego Jr..
A 9-year fllow-up study of the immunogenecity and long-term efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in high-risk Chi-nesse neonates.
Clin Infect Dis, 17 (1993), pp. 475-479
[29.]
S. Caillat-Zucman, J.J. Gimenez, F. Wambergue, G. Albouze, B. Lebkiri, C. Naret, et al.
Distinct HLA class II alleles determine antibody response to vaccination with hepatitis B surface antigen.
Kidney Int, 53 (1998), pp. 1626-1630
[30.]
M. Mineta, M. Tanimura, T. Tana, H. Yssel, S. Kashiwagi, T. Sasazuki.
Contribution of HLA class I and class II alleles to the regulation of antibody production to hepatitis B surface antigen in humans.
Int Immunol, 8 (1996), pp. 525-531
[31.]
H.Y. Hsu, M.H. Chang, R.P. Hsieh, Y.H. Ni, W.K. Chi.
Humoral and cellular immune resposes to hepatitis B vaccination in hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier children who cleared serum-hepatitis B surface antigen.
Hepatology, 24 (1996), pp. 1355-1360
[32.]
C. Barash, M.I. Conn, A.J. DiMarino, J. Marzano, M.L. Allen.
Serologic hepatitis B immunity in vaccinated health care workers.
Arch Intern Med, 159 (1999), pp. 1481-1483
[33.]
F. Shokri, A. Amani.
High rate of seroconversion following administration of a single suppleementary dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian healthy nonresponder.
Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl), 185 (1997), pp. 231-235
[34.]
G. Da Villa, F. Peluso, L. Picciotto, M. Bencivenga, S. Elia, M.G. Pellicia.
Persistence of anti-HBs in children vaccinated against viral hepatitis B in the first year of life: follow-up at 5 years.
Vaccine, 14 (1996), pp. 1503-1505
[35.]
J. Wistrom, C. Ahlm, S. Lundberg, B. Settergren, A. Tarnvik.
Booster vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine four years after priming with on single dose.
Vaccine, 17 (1999), pp. 2162-2165
[36.]
L.M. Huang, B.L. Chiang, P.I. Lee, W.K. Chi, M.H. Chang.
Long-term response to hepatitis B vaccination and response to booster in children born to mothers with hepatitis B e antigen.
Hepato-logy, 29 (1999), pp. 954-959
[37.]
G. Da Villa, M.G. Pellicia, F. Peluso, E. Ricciardi, A. Sepe.
Anti-HBs responses in children vaccinated with different schedules of either plasma-derived or HBV DNA recombinant vaccine.
Res Virol, 148 (1997), pp. 109-114
[38.]
D.J. West, G.B. Calandra.
Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: implications for policy on booster vaccination.
Vaccine, 14 (1996), pp. 1019-1027
[39.]
European Consensus Group on Hepatitis B Immunity.
Are booster immunisations needed for lifelong hepatitis B immunity?.
Lancet, 12 (2000), pp. 561-565
[40.]
Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la AEP.
El Título de anticuerpos, la memoria inmunológica y la eficacia protectora de la vacuna frente a Haemofilus influenzaetipo b.
An Esp Pediatr, 50 (1999), pp. 341-345
[41.]
N.A. Halsey, L.H. Moulton, J.C. O'Donovan, J.R. Walcher, M.L. Thoms, H.S. Margolis, et al.
Hepatitis B vaccine administered to children and adolescents at yearly intervals.
Pediatrics, 103 (1999), pp. 1243-1247
Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?