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Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 32-37 (enero 2001)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 32-37 (enero 2001)
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Títulos de anti-HBs tras un programa de vacunación en niños y adolescentes: ¿revacunar?
Anti-hepatitis b Virus Surface Antigen Titers After a Vaccination Program In Children And Adolescents. Should a Booster Dose Be Given?
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L.A. García Llopa,
Autor para correspondencia
lugallo@retemail.es

Correspondencia: San Jacinto, 27-28. 46008 Valencia
, A. Asensi Alcoverroa, P. Coll Mása, M.aA. Ramada Beneditob, C. Grafiá Juana
a Centro de Salud de Manises. Valencia
b Centro de Salud Ingeniero Joaquín Benlloch. Valencia
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Objetivo

Tras haber pasado 6 años desde el inicio de la campaña de vacunación masiva de la hepatitis B en recién nacidos y adolescentes (12 años), se pretende conocer la eficacia e inmunogenicidad de la misma, la persistencia de los valores de anti-HBs y la necesidad de realizar dosis de recuerdo.

Material y métodos

Se utilizó la vacuna Engerix® desde 1993 hasta 1987 (10 μg) y desde entonces la vacuna Recombivax® (5 μg). El calendario vacunal fue el estándar de 3 dosis (0, 1 y 6 años). Para realizar el estudio se aprovechó cualquier análisis de sangre para cuantificar el título de anti-HBs, entre octubre de 1998 y mayo de 2000.

Resultados

Se obtuvieron 382 casos. A los 5 años de la primera dosis, el 96,1% (73/76) tenían anti-HBs y el 75% (57/76) por encima de 10 U/l. A los 6–7 años de la vacunación, en el 94,1% (32/34) de los niños se detectaba anti-HBs y en el 70,6% (24/34) de éstos por encima de 10 U/l. Sólo en 5 niños fue negativo el anticuerpo.

Conclusiones

En este estudio se ha encontrado un alto porcentaje de niños con buenos valores de anti-HBs, tras 6–7 años de la vacunación. La bibliografía reciente demuestra que, dada la memoria inmunológica que produce la vacuna, no es necesaria la revacunación. También debe olvidarse el denominado nivel protectivo de anti-HBs (> 10 U/l), sólo válido cuando se aplica inmunidad pasiva con inmunoglobu-linas.

Palabras clave:
acuna de la hepatitis B
Antígeno
Dosis
Calendario
Inmunización
Recién nacido
Adolescente
Memoria in-munológica
Objectives

To determine the efficacy and immunogenicity achieved 6 years after the start of a massive vaccination campaign against hepatitis B in newborn infants and adolescents (12 years). The persistence of anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) levels and the need for a booster dose were also assessed.

Material and methods

From 1993 to 1997 the Engerix® vaccine (10 μg) was used and since then the Recombivax® vaccine (5 ^.g). The vaccination schedule was the standard of three doses (0, 1, 6). Blood analyses were used for determination of anti-HBs between October of 1998 and May of 2000.

Results

We studied 382 cases. Five years after the first dose, 96.1% (73/76) had anti-HBs and in 75% (57/76) levels were above 10 Ul/l. Six to seven years after vaccination anti-HBs were detected in 94.1 % (32/34) of the children and in 70.6% (24/34) of these, levels were above 10 Ul/l.

Conclusions

A high percentage of children were found to have good levels of anti-HBs 6–7 years after vaccination. Recent studies show that booster doses are not required because of the immunologic memory that produces the vaccine. The anti-HB protective level (> 10 Ul/l) should not be taken into consideration because this level is only valid when passive immunity with immunoglobulins is applied.

Key words:
epatitis B vaccine
Antigen
Dose
Schedule
Immunization
Adolescent
Immunologic memory
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