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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer los patrones de prescripci&#243;n de antibi&#243;ticos en la poblaci&#243;n lactante y preescolar de un centro de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid&#44; as&#237; como la necesidad o no de dicho tratamiento y su adecuaci&#243;n a la patolog&#237;a diagnosticada&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio retrospectivo de los procesos infecciosos y respiratorios&#44; as&#237; como los ciclos de tratamiento antibi&#243;tico recibido&#44; de todos los ni&#241;os menores de 4 a&#241;os&#44; durante un a&#241;o&#46; Se analiz&#243; el facultativo prescriptor&#44; as&#237; como la adecuaci&#243;n de las decisiones terap&#233;uticas tanto positivas como negativas &#40;sin tratamiento&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se evaluaron 910 ni&#241;os de 0-4 a&#241;os&#44; que presentaron un total de 3&#46;847 procesos infecciosos o respiratorios con una media de 4&#44;55 &#177; 3&#44;6 por ni&#241;o y a&#241;o&#46; El 63&#37; de los ni&#241;os recibi&#243; al menos un ciclo antibi&#243;tico al a&#241;o&#44; con una media de 1&#44;63 &#177; 1&#44;9 ciclos por ni&#241;o y a&#241;o&#46; Se consideraron adecuadas un 85&#44;2&#37; de las 3&#46;847 decisiones terap&#233;uticas&#46; El 36&#37; de los procesos recibieron tratamiento antibi&#243;tico&#44; lo cual supuso un total de 1&#46;386 ciclos antibi&#243;ticos&#46; De ellos&#44; el 46&#44;2&#37; se consider&#243; inadecuado&#44; mayoritariamente &#40;71&#44;6&#37;&#41; porque no debieron haberse prescrito y los restantes &#40;28&#44;4&#37;&#41; porque fueron mal elegidos&#46; Hay diferencias entre los facultativos prescriptores&#44; siendo la prescripci&#243;n m&#225;s correcta cuando se eval&#250;a al pediatra habitual responsable de la consulta frente a otros m&#233;dicos fundamentalmente de servicios de urgencias&#46; Los antibi&#243;ticos m&#225;s utilizados fueron amoxicilina &#40;41&#44;2&#37;&#41; y amoxicilina-clavul&#225;nico &#40;33&#37;&#41;&#46; Las cefalosporinas supusieron un 6&#44;9&#37; del total</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se detecta un uso excesivo de antibi&#243;ticos en la poblaci&#243;n preescolar que debe ser corregido</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine antibiotic prescribing patterns in the pediatric &#40;infants and children&#41; population attended to at a primary health care centre in the community of Madrid&#46; We also wanted to determine the necessity or otherwise of antibiotic therapy and whether the selected antibiotic drug was appropriate for the pathology diagnosed</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective study of all infectious or respiratory processes diagnosed during 1 year and of the respective antibiotic cycles prescribed in all patients under the age of 4 years&#46; The prescribing physician and the appropriateness of all therapeutic decisions&#44; including those where the decision was not to treat with antibiotic drugs&#44; were analyzed</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We evaluated 910 children under the age of 4 years with a total of 3&#44;847 processes &#40;mean of 4&#46;55 &#177; 3&#46;6 processes per child per year&#41;&#46; Sixty-three percent of the children received at least one cycle of antibiotic drugs per year &#40;mean 1&#46;63 &#177; 1&#46;69 cycles of treatment per child per year&#41;&#46; Of all therap utic decisions&#44; 85&#46;2&#37; were considered appropriate&#46; In 36&#37; of the processes antibiotics were prescribed &#40;1&#44;386 cycles&#41;&#44; 46&#37; of which were considered inappropriate either because no antibiotic therapy should have been given &#40;71&#46;6&#37;&#41; or because the chosen drug was not appropriate for the pathology &#40;28&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; There were significant differences among the evaluated physicians&#46; The most correct decisions were taken by the pediatrician in the outpatient clinic&#44; especially when compared with physicians in the emergency ward&#46; The most frequently prescribed antibiotic drugs were amoxicillin &#40;41&#46;2&#37;&#41; and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid &#40;33&#37;&#41;&#46; C phalosporin accounted only for 6&#46;9&#37; of the prescriptions</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Antibiotic therapy is overprescribed in children&#44; a situation that should be corrected</p>"
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Vol. 52. Núm. 2.
Páginas 157-163 (febrero 2000)
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Vol. 52. Núm. 2.
Páginas 157-163 (febrero 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Patrones de prescripción de antibióticos en atención primaria. ¿Usamos racionalmente los antibióticos en pediatría?
Antibiotic Prescribing Habits in Primary Health Care. Do Pediatricians Use Antibiotics Rationally?
Visitas
8563
C. Calvo Reya,*, R. Albañil Ballesterosb, M.Y. Sánchez Méndezc, A. Olivas Domínguezb
a Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés. Área 9. Madrid.
b EAP
c EAP. C.S. Cuzco. Fuenlabrada. Área 9. Madrid.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Objetivos

Conocer los patrones de prescripción de antibióticos en la población lactante y preescolar de un centro de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid, así como la necesidad o no de dicho tratamiento y su adecuación a la patología diagnosticada.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los procesos infecciosos y respiratorios, así como los ciclos de tratamiento antibiótico recibido, de todos los niños menores de 4 años, durante un año. Se analizó el facultativo prescriptor, así como la adecuación de las decisiones terapéuticas tanto positivas como negativas (sin tratamiento).

Resultados

Se evaluaron 910 niños de 0-4 años, que presentaron un total de 3.847 procesos infecciosos o respiratorios con una media de 4,55 ± 3,6 por niño y año. El 63% de los niños recibió al menos un ciclo antibiótico al año, con una media de 1,63 ± 1,9 ciclos por niño y año. Se consideraron adecuadas un 85,2% de las 3.847 decisiones terapéuticas. El 36% de los procesos recibieron tratamiento antibiótico, lo cual supuso un total de 1.386 ciclos antibióticos. De ellos, el 46,2% se consideró inadecuado, mayoritariamente (71,6%) porque no debieron haberse prescrito y los restantes (28,4%) porque fueron mal elegidos. Hay diferencias entre los facultativos prescriptores, siendo la prescripción más correcta cuando se evalúa al pediatra habitual responsable de la consulta frente a otros médicos fundamentalmente de servicios de urgencias. Los antibióticos más utilizados fueron amoxicilina (41,2%) y amoxicilina-clavulánico (33%). Las cefalosporinas supusieron un 6,9% del total

Conclusiones

Se detecta un uso excesivo de antibióticos en la población preescolar que debe ser corregido

Palabras clave:
Antibióticos orales
Lactantes
Preescolares
Atención primaria
Uso racional
Objectives

To determine antibiotic prescribing patterns in the pediatric (infants and children) population attended to at a primary health care centre in the community of Madrid. We also wanted to determine the necessity or otherwise of antibiotic therapy and whether the selected antibiotic drug was appropriate for the pathology diagnosed

Methods

Retrospective study of all infectious or respiratory processes diagnosed during 1 year and of the respective antibiotic cycles prescribed in all patients under the age of 4 years. The prescribing physician and the appropriateness of all therapeutic decisions, including those where the decision was not to treat with antibiotic drugs, were analyzed

Results

We evaluated 910 children under the age of 4 years with a total of 3,847 processes (mean of 4.55 ± 3.6 processes per child per year). Sixty-three percent of the children received at least one cycle of antibiotic drugs per year (mean 1.63 ± 1.69 cycles of treatment per child per year). Of all therap utic decisions, 85.2% were considered appropriate. In 36% of the processes antibiotics were prescribed (1,386 cycles), 46% of which were considered inappropriate either because no antibiotic therapy should have been given (71.6%) or because the chosen drug was not appropriate for the pathology (28.4%). There were significant differences among the evaluated physicians. The most correct decisions were taken by the pediatrician in the outpatient clinic, especially when compared with physicians in the emergency ward. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic drugs were amoxicillin (41.2%) and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid (33%). C phalosporin accounted only for 6.9% of the prescriptions

Conclusions

Antibiotic therapy is overprescribed in children, a situation that should be corrected

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