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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer los patrones de prescripci&#243;n de antibi&#243;ticos en la poblaci&#243;n lactante y preescolar de un centro de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid&#44; as&#237; como la necesidad o no de dicho tratamiento y su adecuaci&#243;n a la patolog&#237;a diagnosticada&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio retrospectivo de los procesos infecciosos y respiratorios&#44; as&#237; como los ciclos de tratamiento antibi&#243;tico recibido&#44; de todos los ni&#241;os menores de 4 a&#241;os&#44; durante un a&#241;o&#46; Se analiz&#243; el facultativo prescriptor&#44; as&#237; como la adecuaci&#243;n de las decisiones terap&#233;uticas tanto positivas como negativas &#40;sin tratamiento&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se evaluaron 910 ni&#241;os de 0-4 a&#241;os&#44; que presentaron un total de 3&#46;847 procesos infecciosos o respiratorios con una media de 4&#44;55 &#177; 3&#44;6 por ni&#241;o y a&#241;o&#46; El 63&#37; de los ni&#241;os recibi&#243; al menos un ciclo antibi&#243;tico al a&#241;o&#44; con una media de 1&#44;63 &#177; 1&#44;9 ciclos por ni&#241;o y a&#241;o&#46; Se consideraron adecuadas un 85&#44;2&#37; de las 3&#46;847 decisiones terap&#233;uticas&#46; El 36&#37; de los procesos recibieron tratamiento antibi&#243;tico&#44; lo cual supuso un total de 1&#46;386 ciclos antibi&#243;ticos&#46; De ellos&#44; el 46&#44;2&#37; se consider&#243; inadecuado&#44; mayoritariamente &#40;71&#44;6&#37;&#41; porque no debieron haberse prescrito y los restantes &#40;28&#44;4&#37;&#41; porque fueron mal elegidos&#46; Hay diferencias entre los facultativos prescriptores&#44; siendo la prescripci&#243;n m&#225;s correcta cuando se eval&#250;a al pediatra habitual responsable de la consulta frente a otros m&#233;dicos fundamentalmente de servicios de urgencias&#46; Los antibi&#243;ticos m&#225;s utilizados fueron amoxicilina &#40;41&#44;2&#37;&#41; y amoxicilina-clavul&#225;nico &#40;33&#37;&#41;&#46; Las cefalosporinas supusieron un 6&#44;9&#37; del total</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se detecta un uso excesivo de antibi&#243;ticos en la poblaci&#243;n preescolar que debe ser corregido</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine antibiotic prescribing patterns in the pediatric &#40;infants and children&#41; population attended to at a primary health care centre in the community of Madrid&#46; We also wanted to determine the necessity or otherwise of antibiotic therapy and whether the selected antibiotic drug was appropriate for the pathology diagnosed</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective study of all infectious or respiratory processes diagnosed during 1 year and of the respective antibiotic cycles prescribed in all patients under the age of 4 years&#46; The prescribing physician and the appropriateness of all therapeutic decisions&#44; including those where the decision was not to treat with antibiotic drugs&#44; were analyzed</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We evaluated 910 children under the age of 4 years with a total of 3&#44;847 processes &#40;mean of 4&#46;55 &#177; 3&#46;6 processes per child per year&#41;&#46; Sixty-three percent of the children received at least one cycle of antibiotic drugs per year &#40;mean 1&#46;63 &#177; 1&#46;69 cycles of treatment per child per year&#41;&#46; Of all therap utic decisions&#44; 85&#46;2&#37; were considered appropriate&#46; In 36&#37; of the processes antibiotics were prescribed &#40;1&#44;386 cycles&#41;&#44; 46&#37; of which were considered inappropriate either because no antibiotic therapy should have been given &#40;71&#46;6&#37;&#41; or because the chosen drug was not appropriate for the pathology &#40;28&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; There were significant differences among the evaluated physicians&#46; The most correct decisions were taken by the pediatrician in the outpatient clinic&#44; especially when compared with physicians in the emergency ward&#46; The most frequently prescribed antibiotic drugs were amoxicillin &#40;41&#46;2&#37;&#41; and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid &#40;33&#37;&#41;&#46; C phalosporin accounted only for 6&#46;9&#37; of the prescriptions</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Antibiotic therapy is overprescribed in children&#44; a situation that should be corrected</p>"
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Patrones de prescripción de antibióticos en atención primaria. ¿Usamos racionalmente los antibióticos en pediatría?
Antibiotic Prescribing Habits in Primary Health Care. Do Pediatricians Use Antibiotics Rationally?
C. Calvo Reya,*, R. Albañil Ballesterosb, M.Y. Sánchez Méndezc, A. Olivas Domínguezb
a Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés. Área 9. Madrid.
b EAP
c EAP. C.S. Cuzco. Fuenlabrada. Área 9. Madrid.
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 16954033
Idioma original: Español
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