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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El papel destacado de la audici&#243;n en el desarrollo del lenguaje verbal hace que la existencia de hipoacusia infantile sea especialmente perniciosa&#46; La elevada frecuencia de defectos de audici&#243;n presentes en el nacimiento y la necesidad de un reconocimiento precoz han llevado a establecer una detecci&#243;n neonatal&#46; Sin embargo&#44; existen otras situaciones que pueden comprometer la audici&#243;n en edades m&#225;s tard&#237;as y que es preciso conocer para instaurar las medidas oportunas de forma precoz&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir los motivos m&#225;s frecuentes de derivaci&#243;n para estudio de hipoacusia en un hospital de tercer nivel&#46; Dar a conocer situaciones comunes en pediatr&#237;a con riesgo auditivo en las que es preciso evaluar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisi&#243;n de las historias de 197 pacientes no neonatos con estudio de hipoacusia&#46; Se compararon par&#225;metros cl&#237;nicos y diagn&#243;sticos en pacientes hipoac&#250;sicos y normooyentes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 161 pacientes no ten&#237;an hipoacusia conocida&#46; La principal causa que motiv&#243; la evaluaci&#243;n fue la sospecha de hipoacusia por familiares o cuidadores &#40;53&#44;4 &#37;&#41;&#44; seguido del retraso del lenguaje&#46; De las primeras consultas&#44; 78 presentaban hipoacusia &#40;48&#44;4 &#37;&#41;&#44; m&#225;s frecuentemente bilateral&#46; En el 29&#44;5 &#37; de los ni&#241;os con hipoacusia&#44; &#233;sta se atribuy&#243; a otitis o adenoiditis recurrentes y en el 25&#44;6 &#37; a causa gen&#233;tica&#46; La existencia de familiares afectados fue el antecedente m&#225;s frecuente en hipoac&#250;sicos&#44; mientras que en normooyentes fue la presencia de fenotipo anormal&#46; Se estudiaron tres casos con antecedents de meningitis bacteriana&#59; en dos de ellos exist&#237;a defecto auditivo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios de hipoacusia fuera de la detecci&#243;n neonatal est&#225;n motivados&#44; sobre todo&#44; por sospecha cl&#237;nica de hipoacusia o retraso del lenguaje&#46; Otras situaciones&#44; como las otitis serosas de repetici&#243;n&#44; presencia de rasgos fenot&#237;picos sindr&#243;micos o las meningitis bacterianas&#44; se relacionan con problemas auditivos y requieren&#44; por tanto&#44; evaluaci&#243;n minuciosa&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Because hearing plays a major role in language development&#44; pediatric hypoacusis is especially damaging&#46; The high frequency of hearing impairment in newborns and the need for an early diagnosis have led to the establishment of neonatal screening&#46; Nevertheless&#44; there are other situations which may compromise hearing quality in later stages and it is essential to identify them in order to be able to provide early and effective treatment&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe the most frequent reasons for referring patients for hearing evaluation to a third level hospital and to identify common situations that require hearing assessment among the pediatric population&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The clinical histories of 197 non-neonates evaluated for hypoacusis were reviewed&#46; Clinical parameters and diagnosis were compared in patients with impaired and normal hearing&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred sixty-one patients had no previous known hypoacusis&#46; The main reason for evaluation was suspicion by the family or child minder &#40;53&#46;4 &#37;&#41;&#44; followed by language underdevelopment&#46; In the first examinations 78 children had hypoacusis &#40;48&#46;4 &#37;&#41;&#44; which was more frequently bilateral than unilateral&#46; In 29&#46;5 &#37; of hypoacusic patients&#44; the disease was related to recurrent otitis or adenoiditis and in 25&#46;6 &#37; it was genetic&#46; The most frequent antecedent was deaf relatives in hypoacusic patients and abnormal phenotypes in children with normal hearing&#46; Three patients with previous bacterial meningitis were studied and two of these had hypoacusis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hypoacusic evaluation outside the context of newborn screening is mainly motivated by clinical suspicion of hypoacusis or language underdevelopment&#46; Other situations such as recurrent otitis with effusion&#44; syndromic phenotypic characteristics or bacterial meningitis are related to hearing problems and therefore require detailed evaluation&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 63. Núm. 6.
Páginas 502-508 (diciembre 2005)
Originales
Acceso a texto completo
Hipoacusia de detección posneonatal. Circunstancias que precisan evaluación auditiva
Hypoacusis after the neonatal period. situations requiring hearing assessment
Visitas
9621
J.D. Herrero-Morín
Autor para correspondencia
josedahm@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Dres. J.D. Herrero Morín/J.A. Concha Torre. Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Celestino Villamil, s/n. 33006 Oviedo. España.
, J.A. Concha Torre, N. Fernández González, M. Crespo Hernández
Departamento de Pediatría. Centro Materno-Infantil. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo. España.
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Estadísticas
Introducción

El papel destacado de la audición en el desarrollo del lenguaje verbal hace que la existencia de hipoacusia infantile sea especialmente perniciosa. La elevada frecuencia de defectos de audición presentes en el nacimiento y la necesidad de un reconocimiento precoz han llevado a establecer una detección neonatal. Sin embargo, existen otras situaciones que pueden comprometer la audición en edades más tardías y que es preciso conocer para instaurar las medidas oportunas de forma precoz.

Objetivos

Describir los motivos más frecuentes de derivación para estudio de hipoacusia en un hospital de tercer nivel. Dar a conocer situaciones comunes en pediatría con riesgo auditivo en las que es preciso evaluar.

Pacientes y métodos

Revisión de las historias de 197 pacientes no neonatos con estudio de hipoacusia. Se compararon parámetros clínicos y diagnósticos en pacientes hipoacúsicos y normooyentes.

Resultados

Un total de 161 pacientes no tenían hipoacusia conocida. La principal causa que motivó la evaluación fue la sospecha de hipoacusia por familiares o cuidadores (53,4 %), seguido del retraso del lenguaje. De las primeras consultas, 78 presentaban hipoacusia (48,4 %), más frecuentemente bilateral. En el 29,5 % de los niños con hipoacusia, ésta se atribuyó a otitis o adenoiditis recurrentes y en el 25,6 % a causa genética. La existencia de familiares afectados fue el antecedente más frecuente en hipoacúsicos, mientras que en normooyentes fue la presencia de fenotipo anormal. Se estudiaron tres casos con antecedents de meningitis bacteriana; en dos de ellos existía defecto auditivo.

Conclusiones

Los estudios de hipoacusia fuera de la detección neonatal están motivados, sobre todo, por sospecha clínica de hipoacusia o retraso del lenguaje. Otras situaciones, como las otitis serosas de repetición, presencia de rasgos fenotípicos sindrómicos o las meningitis bacterianas, se relacionan con problemas auditivos y requieren, por tanto, evaluación minuciosa.

Palabras clave:
Hipoacusia
Sordera
Niño
Toxicidad
Meningitis
Otitis
Radioterapia
Traumatismo craneoencefálico
Introduction

Because hearing plays a major role in language development, pediatric hypoacusis is especially damaging. The high frequency of hearing impairment in newborns and the need for an early diagnosis have led to the establishment of neonatal screening. Nevertheless, there are other situations which may compromise hearing quality in later stages and it is essential to identify them in order to be able to provide early and effective treatment.

Objectives

To describe the most frequent reasons for referring patients for hearing evaluation to a third level hospital and to identify common situations that require hearing assessment among the pediatric population.

Patients and methods

The clinical histories of 197 non-neonates evaluated for hypoacusis were reviewed. Clinical parameters and diagnosis were compared in patients with impaired and normal hearing.

Results

One hundred sixty-one patients had no previous known hypoacusis. The main reason for evaluation was suspicion by the family or child minder (53.4 %), followed by language underdevelopment. In the first examinations 78 children had hypoacusis (48.4 %), which was more frequently bilateral than unilateral. In 29.5 % of hypoacusic patients, the disease was related to recurrent otitis or adenoiditis and in 25.6 % it was genetic. The most frequent antecedent was deaf relatives in hypoacusic patients and abnormal phenotypes in children with normal hearing. Three patients with previous bacterial meningitis were studied and two of these had hypoacusis.

Conclusions

Hypoacusic evaluation outside the context of newborn screening is mainly motivated by clinical suspicion of hypoacusis or language underdevelopment. Other situations such as recurrent otitis with effusion, syndromic phenotypic characteristics or bacterial meningitis are related to hearing problems and therefore require detailed evaluation.

Key words:
Hypoacusis
Deafness
Children
Toxicity
Meningitis
Otitis
Radiotherapy
Head injury
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