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Vol. 54. Núm. 6.
Páginas 575-581 (junio 2001)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 6.
Páginas 575-581 (junio 2001)
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Fibrosis quística: aspectos nutricionales
Cystic fibrosis: Nutritional consideration
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M. Molina Arias
Autor para correspondencia
molinaarias@worldonline.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz. P.° de la Castellana, 261. 28046 Madrid.
, G. Prieto Bozano, J. Sarría Osés, I. Polanco Allué
Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz. Madrid.
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La mejora durante las últimas décadas de las técnicas de tratamiento y de soporte nutricional de los pacientes con fibrosis quística ha permitido prolongar la supervivencia y aumentar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Existe una clara relación entre el desarrollo de la malnutrición y la disminución de los parámetros de función respiratoria y ambos se asocian con un peor pronóstico de la enfermedad.

La malnutrición es una complicación muy frecuente, presente al menos en el 20 % de los pacientes. Esto se debe a que, con frecuencia, se establece un balance energético y proteico negativo originado por el aumento del gasto energético y el aumento de las necesidades nutricionales junto con una disminución de los aportes ingeridos.

Debe monitorizarse de forma periódica el estado nutricional desde el punto de vista clínico, antropométrico y analítico, asegurando que la ingesta alcance los requerimientos y realizando un soporte nutricional más específico en aquellas situaciones en las que se produzca un fracaso nutricional.

La dieta del paciente con fibrosis quística debe ser hipercalórica e hiperproteica, rica en grasa, con aporte normal de hidratos de carbono y con aporte de suplementos pancreáticos y de vitaminas liposolubles cuando exista insuficiencia pancreática.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis quística
Malnutrición
Balance energético
Soporte nutricional

During the last few decades, improved treatment measures and nutritional support in cystic fibrosis have increased survival and quality of life in these patients. There is a clear relationship between the development of malnutrition and worsening in respiratory function and both factors have been related to poor disease outcome. Malnutrition is a very frequent complication of this disease and is found in 20 % of patients, due to negative energy-proteic balance. This disequilibrium can be explained by increased energy expenditure, high nutritional requirements and decreased oral intake. Periodic monitoring of clinical, anthropometrical and functional nutritional status is mandatory. Intake must be greater than requirements and specific nutritional support should be established when required. Patients with cystic fibrosis must receive a hypercaloric and hyperproteotic diet, with a high fat content, a normal quantity of carbohydrates and with pancreatic and liposoluble vitamin supplements in case of pancreatic insufficiency.

Key words:
Cystic fibrosis
Malnutrition
Energy balance
Nutritional support
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