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Vol. 57. Núm. 1.
Páginas 34-44 (julio 2002)
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Vol. 57. Núm. 1.
Páginas 34-44 (julio 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Evaluación de la ansiedad y el dolor asociados a procedimientos médicos dolorosos en oncología pediátrica
Assessment Of Pain And Anxiety Related To Painful Medical Procedures In Pediatric Oncology
Visitas
12884
M. Salas Arrambidea,
Autor para correspondencia
jsalas@euskalnet.net

Correspondencia: Salas Arrambide y Prof. I. Amayra Caro. Universidad de Deusto. Facultad FICE. Despacho 213-D. Apartado 1. 48080 Bilbao. España.
, O. Gabaldón Pocb, J.L. Mayoral Miraveteb, I. Amayra Caroa,*
a Departamento de Psicología. Universidad de Deusto. Bilbao.
b Hospital Donostia. San Sebastián. España.
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Bibliografía
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En este artículo se revisan los instrumentos más utilizados en la práctica clínica y la investigación para la evaluación del dolor y la ansiedad que experimenta la población oncológica pediátrica ante los procedimientos médicos dolorosos. También se revisan aspectos como la prevalencia del dolor en el cáncer infantil y el impacto psicológico que tienen los procedimientos médicos en el niño, y el esfuerzo que están realizando ciertas instituciones para que se implemente la evaluación del dolor en niños, teniendo en cuenta que el dolor es una experiencia subjetiva y multidimensional. Se incluyen medidas conductuales, autoinformes, instrumentos de evaluación multidimensionales y medidas fisiológicas, y destacan la importancia de los autoinformes, considerados como patrón oro para la evaluación del dolor pediátrico. La revisión de la bibliografía indica la necesidad de investigación y educación de los profesionales en la evaluación del dolor pediátrico. Finalmente, se proporcionan algunas recomendaciones para la evaluación del dolor en niños.

Palabras clave:
Dolor pediátrico
Cáncer infantil
Procedimientos médicos
Psicooncología pediátrica

In this article we review the instruments most commonly used in clinical practice and research to assess the pain and anxiety experienced by children with cancer undergoing painful medical procedures. Issues such as the prevalence of pain in childhood cancer, the psychologic impact of medical procedures in children, and the efforts some institutions are making to implement pediatric pain assessment programs are also reviewed, bearing in mind that pain is a subjective and multidimensional experience. Behavioral measures, self-reports, multidimensional assessment tools and physiological measures are included, emphasizing the importance of self-reports, which are considered the gold standard in pediatric pain assessment. This literature review indicates the need for research and for the education of health care professionals in pediatric pain assessment. Finally, recommendations for pediatric pain assessment are suggested.

Key words:
Pediatric pain
Childhood cancer
Medical procedures
Pediatric psycho-oncology
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Este trabajo ha sido realizado con la ayuda del Gobierno Vasco, a través de una beca del Programa de Formación de Investigadores del Departamento de Educación, Universidades e Investigación (BFI01.16 Mod. AE).

Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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