array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1695403300774054"
  "issn" => "16954033"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77405-4"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-07-01"
  "aid" => "77405"
  "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2000"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;53:6-11"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 5196
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 59
      "HTML" => 4129
      "PDF" => 1008
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1695403300774066"
    "issn" => "16954033"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77406-6"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-07-01"
    "aid" => "77406"
    "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;53:12-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5134
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 77
        "HTML" => 4301
        "PDF" => 756
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "¿Trombofilia y enfermedad de Perthes?"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "12"
          "paginaFinal" => "16"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Thrombophilia and perthes' disease¿"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J.M. Tusell Puigbert, C. Aulesa Martínez, M. Aguirre Canyadell, I. Nicolau Fusté, P. Valentín Valentín, J.J. Ortega Aramburu"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.M."
              "apellidos" => "Tusell Puigbert"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C."
              "apellidos" => "Aulesa Martínez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M."
              "apellidos" => "Aguirre Canyadell"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I."
              "apellidos" => "Nicolau Fusté"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "Valentín Valentín"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.J."
              "apellidos" => "Ortega Aramburu"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300774066?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/16954033/0000005300000001/v1_201307051509/S1695403300774066/v1_201307051509/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1695403300774042"
    "issn" => "16954033"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77404-2"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-07-01"
    "aid" => "77404"
    "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;53:1-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 7040
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 59
        "HTML" => 6441
        "PDF" => 540
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:7 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "El yodo durante la gestación, lactancia y primera infancia. Cantidades mínimas y máximas: de microgramos a gramos"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "1"
          "paginaFinal" => "5"
        ]
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "G. Morreale de Escobara, F. Escobar del Rey"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G."
              "apellidos" => "Morreale de Escobara"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Escobar del Rey"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300774042?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/16954033/0000005300000001/v1_201307051509/S1695403300774042/v1_201307051509/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en la infancia y la adolescencia: aspectos clinicobiológicos en 49 casos"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "6"
        "paginaFinal" => "11"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:2 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "C. Pavía Sesma, J. Villanueva Lamas, M. Torres Lacruz, C. Valls Tolosa, F. Rodríguez Hierro"
        "autores" => array:5 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C."
            "apellidos" => "Pavía Sesma"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Villanueva Lamas"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Torres Lacruz"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Valls Tolosa"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "F&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rodr&#237;guez Hierro"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Secci&#243;n de Endocrinolog&#237;a&#46; Unitat Integrada Hospital Sant Joan de D&#233;u&#47;Hospital Cl&#237;nic y Laboratorio Hormonal&#46; Hospital Sant Joan de D&#233;u&#46;"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia&#58; Secci&#243;n de Endocrinolog&#237;a&#46;Unitat Integrada Hospital Sant Joan de D&#233;u&#46;Barcelona&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "M&#46;R&#46; Mart&#237;n Ramos, S&#46; Ma&#241;&#233; Herrero, J&#46; Ced&#243; Rigalt"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;n Ramos"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ma&#241;&#233; Herrero"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ced&#243; Rigalt"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital de Nens de Barcelona&#46;"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Centre de Medicina Diagn&#243;stica&#46; Barcelona"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Grave&#39;s disease in childhood and adolescence&#58; clinical and biochemical aspects in 49 patients"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2000-01-31"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2000-04-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186391"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Hipertiroidismo"
            1 => "Graves-Basedow"
            2 => "Radioyodo"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186392"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Hyperthyroidism"
            1 => "Graves&#39; disease"
            2 => "Radioiodine"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad de Graves-Basedow es rara en la infancia y la adolescencia&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han evaluado 6 ni&#241;os y 43 ni&#241;as&#44; con edades comprendidas entre 2 y 18 a&#241;os&#46; Todos presentaban un bocio difuso y sintomatolog&#237;a de hipertiroidismo&#46; Las concentraciones de T4&#44; FT4&#44; T3 y TSH se determinaron por radioinmunoan&#225;lisis con diferente sensibilidad a lo largo del tiempo y los anticuerpos&#44; por hemaglutinaci&#243;n&#46; Todos fueron tratados con f&#225;rmacos antitiroideos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 5 casos se detect&#243; un aumento de la velocidad de crecimiento y en otros 5 hab&#237;a una asociaci&#243;n con otras autoinmunopat&#237;as&#46; El &#237;ndice de Quetelet estaba entre los percentiles 90 y 97 en 5 casos&#44; y entre 3 y 10 en 8 casos&#46; Los resultados bioqu&#237;micos fueron&#58; T4 282&#44;41 &#177; 1&#44;1 nmol&#47;l&#59; FT4 62&#44;98 &#177; 1&#44;1 pmol&#47;l&#59; T3 4&#44;92 &#177; 0&#44;07 nmol&#47;l&#59; TSH 0&#44;002 mU&#47;l&#46; Los valores de TSI&#47;TRAb fueron 33&#44;23 &#177; 1&#44;95 U&#47;l&#46; Sehan obtenido 4 remisiones totales y una parcial&#46; En 4 ocasionesse recurri&#243; a cirug&#237;a y 8 pacientes recibieron 131I&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han obtenido pocas remisiones con el tratamiento m&#233;dico y el radioyodo parece ser una terap&#233;utica alternativa&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Graves&#39; disease is rare in childhood and adolescence&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Six boys and 43 girls between the ages of 2 and 18 years were evaluated&#46; All presented diffuse goiter and symptomatology of hyperthyroidism&#46; Concentrations of T4&#44; FT4&#44; T3 and TSH were determined by RIA with various sensitivities during the study&#46; Thyroid antibodies were determined by hemagglutination&#46; All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In five patients&#44; growth velocity increased&#46; In a further five patients association with other autoimmune diseases was detected&#46; Quetelet&#39;s index was between the 90th and 97th percentiles in five patients and between 3th and 10th in eight&#46; Biochemical results were as follows&#58; T4&#58; 282&#46;41 &#177; 1&#46;1 nmol&#47;1&#59; FT4&#58; 62&#46;98 &#177; 1&#46;1 pmol&#47;l&#59; T3&#58; 4&#46;92 &#177;0&#46;07 nmol&#47;l&#41; and TSH&#58; &#62; 0&#46;002-0&#46;001 mU&#47;l&#46; Values of TSI&#47;TRAb were 33&#46;23 &#177; 1&#46;95 U&#47;l&#46; Four total remissions and 1 partial remission were observed&#46; Four patients underwent surgery and eight received radioiodine&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Few remissions were obtained with medical treatment&#46;Radioiodine seems to be a therapeutic alternative&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:38 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Thyroid physiology and pathology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;G&#46; Walfish"
                            1 => "K&#46;H&#46; Tseng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "Pediatric endocrinology"
                        "paginaInicial" => "367"
                        "serieFecha" => "1989"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of Graves&#39; disease in children and adolescents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Gr&#252;tters"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Horm Res"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "255"
                        "paginaFinal" => "257"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9623515"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical longitudinal standards for height&#44; weight&#44; height velocity&#44; weight velocity and stages of puberty"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Tanner"
                            1 => "R&#46;H&#46; Whithouse"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "170"
                        "paginaFinal" => "179"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/952550"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in childhood&#46; A European questionnaire study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Perrild"
                            1 => "A&#46; Gr&#252;tters"
                            2 => "U&#46; Feldt"
                            3 => "D&#46; Grant"
                            4 => "E&#46; Martino"
                            5 => "L&#46; Kayser"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Endocrinol"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "131"
                        "paginaInicial" => "467"
                        "paginaFinal" => "473"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7952157"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Semp&#233;"
                            1 => "G&#46; P&#233;dron"
                            2 => "M&#46;P&#46; Roy-Pernot"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1979"
                        "editorial" => "Th&#233;raplix"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Par&#237;s"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Semp&#233;"
                            1 => "C&#46; Pav&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "editorial" => "&#237;az de Santos"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adiposity indices in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;F&#46; Rolland-Cachera"
                            1 => "M&#46; Semp&#233;"
                            2 => "M&#46; Guillaud-Bataille"
                            3 => "E&#46; Patois"
                            4 => "F&#46; P&#233;guinot-Guggenbuhl"
                            5 => "V&#46; Fautrad"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "178"
                        "paginaFinal" => "184"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7091028"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Maladie de Basedow chez l&#39;enfant&#58; aspects cliniques et &#233;volutifs"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Boiko"
                            1 => "J&#46; L&#233;ger"
                            2 => "M&#46;C&#46; Raux-Demay"
                            3 => "S&#46; Cabrol"
                            4 => "Y&#46; LeBouc"
                            5 => "P&#46; Czerni-Chow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch P&#233;diatr"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "722"
                        "paginaFinal" => "730"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9759270"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antithyroid drug therapy for toxic diffuse goiter &#40;Graves&#39; disease&#41;&#58; thirty years experience in children and adolescents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Barnes"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Blizzard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "paginaInicial" => "313"
                        "paginaFinal" => "320"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/69022"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The genetics of Graves&#39; disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Friedman"
                            1 => "P&#46;J&#46; Fialkow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem-7-1-47"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "47"
                        "paginaFinal" => "65"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20294412"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus&#58; analysis of 10 african cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;H&#46; Sidibe"
                            1 => "M&#46; Dia"
                            2 => "H&#46; Toure-Sow"
                            3 => "A&#46;M&#46; Sow"
                            4 => "S&#46;M&#46; Seck-Gassama"
                            5 => "R&#46; Ndoye"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Endocrinol &#40;Paris&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Insulindependent diabetes mellitus associated with Graves&#39; disease and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Yoshioka"
                            1 => "A&#46; Ohsawa"
                            2 => "T&#46; Yoshida"
                            3 => "S&#46; Yokoh"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/BF03347687"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Endocrinol Invest"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "643"
                        "paginaFinal" => "646"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8258654"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Graves&#39; disease and other forms of hyperthyroidism in infants and children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; La Franchi"
                            1 => "S&#46; Mandel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "101"
                        "paginaFinal" => "109"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acceleration of growth and bone maturation in childhood thyrotoxicosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Schlesinger"
                            1 => "M&#46;H&#46; McGillivary"
                            2 => "R&#46;W&#46; Munschauer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1973"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "233"
                        "paginaFinal" => "236"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4352207"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A longitudinal study of markers of bone turnover in Graves&#39; disease and their value in predicting bone mineral density"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Siddiqi"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Burrin"
                            2 => "K&#46; Noonan"
                            3 => "I&#46; James"
                            4 => "D&#46;F&#46; Wood"
                            5 => "C&#46;P&#46; Price"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.82.3.3804"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "753"
                        "paginaFinal" => "759"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9062477"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antiresorptive therapy in hyperthyroid patients&#58; longitudinal changes in bone and mineral metabolism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; J&#243;dar"
                            1 => "M&#46; Mu&#241;oz-Torres"
                            2 => "F&#46; Escobar-Jim&#233;nez"
                            3 => "M&#46; Quesada"
                            4 => "J&#46;D&#46; Luna"
                            5 => "N&#46; Olea"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.82.6.4026"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1989"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1994"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177418"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Basedow&#39;s disease and thyroid nodules&#46; A common association"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Kraimps"
                            1 => "M&#46;H&#46; Bouin-Pineau"
                            2 => "R&#46; Marechaud"
                            3 => "J&#46; Barbier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Chir"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "449"
                        "paginaFinal" => "451"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9752485"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Thyroid nodules in Graves&#39; disease&#58; classification&#44; characterization&#44; and response to treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46;E&#46; Carnell"
                            1 => "W&#46;A&#46; Valente"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1089/thy.1998.8.647"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thyroid"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "647"
                        "paginaFinal" => "652"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9737358"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer in Graves&#39; patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Pellegreti"
                            1 => "A&#46; Belfiore"
                            2 => "D&#46; Giufrida"
                            3 => "L&#46; Lupo"
                            4 => "R&#46; Vigneri"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.83.8.4997"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2805"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2809"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9709951"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The management of hyperthyroidism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Franklyn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "330"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1751"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1758"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of Graves&#39; disease in children and adolescents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Gr&#252;tters"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Horm Res"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "255"
                        "paginaFinal" => "257"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9623515"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of hyperthyroidism in young people"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46;D&#46; Cheetham"
                            1 => "I&#46;A&#46; Hughes"
                            2 => "N&#46;D&#46; Barnes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "207"
                        "paginaFinal" => "209"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9613348"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity&#58; what have we learned&#945;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "K&#46;V&#46; Williams"
                            1 => "S&#46; Nayak"
                            2 => "D&#46; Becker"
                            3 => "J&#46; Reyes"
                            4 => "L&#46;A&#46; Burmeister"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.82.6.4011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1727"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1733"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177371"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en la infancia&#58; a prop&#243;sito de un caso tratado con Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en la infancia&#58; a prop&#243;sito de un caso tratado con carbonato de litio"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Pav&#237;a"
                            1 => "M&#46;R&#46; Mart&#237;n"
                            2 => "C&#46; Valls"
                            3 => "A&#46; Palou"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1980"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1045"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1046"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782924"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The use of lithium in the treatment of hyperthyroidism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Benbassat"
                            1 => "M&#46;E&#46; Molitch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Endocrinologist"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "383"
                        "paginaFinal" => "387"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Administration of thyroxine in treated Graves&#39; disease&#58; effects on the level of antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and on the risk of recurrence of hyperthyroidism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Hashizume"
                            1 => "K&#46; Ichikawa"
                            2 => "A&#46; Sakurai"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199104043241403"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "324"
                        "paginaInicial" => "947"
                        "paginaFinal" => "953"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900575"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lack of effect of thyroxine in patients with Graves&#39; hyperthyroidism who are treated with an antithyroid drug"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; McIver"
                            1 => "P&#46; Rae"
                            2 => "G&#46; Beckett"
                            3 => "E&#46; Wilkinson"
                            4 => "A&#46; Gold"
                            5 => "A&#46; Toft"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199601253340403"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "334"
                        "paginaInicial" => "220"
                        "paginaFinal" => "224"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8531998"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Remission in children with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Gorton"
                            1 => "A&#46; Sadeghi-Nejad"
                            2 => "B&#46; Senior"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ajdc"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "141"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1084"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1086"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3630994"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Childhood Graves&#39; disease-remission rate and risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "F&#46;A&#46; Karlsson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1398"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predictors of early remission of hyperthyroidism in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46;S&#46; Glaser"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Styne"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.82.6.3986"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1719"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1726"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177370"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of methimazole&#44; with or without L-thyroxine&#44;on remission rates in Graves&#39; disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Rittmaster"
                            1 => "E&#46;C&#46; Abbott"
                            2 => "R&#46; Douglas"
                            3 => "M&#46;L&#46; Givner"
                            4 => "L&#46; Lehman"
                            5 => "S&#46; Reddy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.83.3.4613"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "814"
                        "paginaFinal" => "818"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506733"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "and the Thyroid Study Group&#46; Graves&#39; hyperthyroidism&#59; treatment with antithyroid drugs&#44; surgery&#44; or radioiodine&#58; a prospective&#44; randomized study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Torring"
                            1 => "L&#46; Tallstedt"
                            2 => "G&#46; Wallin"
                            3 => "G&#46; Lundell"
                            4 => "J&#46;G&#46; Ljunggren"
                            5 => "A&#46; Taube"
                            6 => "M&#46; Saaf"
                            7 => "B&#46; Hamberger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.81.8.8768863"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2986"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2993"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8768863"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Graves&#39; disease in children and adolescents&#46; Late results of surgical treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Rudberg"
                            1 => "H&#46; Johansson"
                            2 => "G&#46; Akerstr&#246;m"
                            3 => "T&#46; Tuvemo"
                            4 => "F&#46;A&#46; Karlsson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Endocrinol"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "710"
                        "paginaFinal" => "715"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8766940"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radioiodine in the treatment of Graves&#39; disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Wartofsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "288"
                        "paginaFinal" => "295"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radioiodine treatment of Graves&#39; disease in young people"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "T&#46;D&#46; Cheetman"
                            1 => "P&#46; Wraight"
                            2 => "I&#46; Hughes"
                            3 => "N&#46;D&#46; Barnes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Horm Res"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "258"
                        "paginaFinal" => "262"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9623516"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Guideliness for the use of radioiodine in the management of hyperthyroidism&#58; a summary"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Lazarus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J R Coll Phys&#40;Londres&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "464"
                        "paginaFinal" => "469"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pretreatment with propylthiouracil but not methimazole reduces the therapeutic efficacy of Iodine-131in hyperthyroidism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;E&#46; Imseis"
                            1 => "L&#46; Vanmiddlesworth"
                            2 => "J&#46;D&#46; Massie"
                            3 => "A&#46;J&#46; Bush"
                            4 => "N&#46;R&#46; Vanmiddlesworth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem.83.2.4538"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "685"
                        "paginaFinal" => "687"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467593"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tratamiento del hipertiroidismo con yodo 131&#58;riesgo-beneficio"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Vilardell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Endocrinolog&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "147"
                        "paginaFinal" => "149"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/16954033/0000005300000001/v1_201307051509/S1695403300774054/v1_201307051509/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "14282"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/16954033/0000005300000001/v1_201307051509/S1695403300774054/v1_201307051509/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300774054?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 53. Núm. 1.
Páginas 6-11 (julio 2000)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 53. Núm. 1.
Páginas 6-11 (julio 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en la infancia y la adolescencia: aspectos clinicobiológicos en 49 casos
Grave's disease in childhood and adolescence: clinical and biochemical aspects in 49 patients
Visitas
9633
C. Pavía Sesma*, J. Villanueva Lamas, M. Torres Lacruz, C. Valls Tolosa, F. Rodríguez Hierro
Sección de Endocrinología. Unitat Integrada Hospital Sant Joan de Déu/Hospital Clínic y Laboratorio Hormonal. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.
M.R. Martín Ramosa, S. Mañé Herrerob, J. Cedó Rigaltb
a Hospital de Nens de Barcelona.
b Centre de Medicina Diagnóstica. Barcelona
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Fundamento

La enfermedad de Graves-Basedow es rara en la infancia y la adolescencia.

Pacientes y método

Se han evaluado 6 niños y 43 niñas, con edades comprendidas entre 2 y 18 años. Todos presentaban un bocio difuso y sintomatología de hipertiroidismo. Las concentraciones de T4, FT4, T3 y TSH se determinaron por radioinmunoanálisis con diferente sensibilidad a lo largo del tiempo y los anticuerpos, por hemaglutinación. Todos fueron tratados con fármacos antitiroideos.

Resultados

En 5 casos se detectó un aumento de la velocidad de crecimiento y en otros 5 había una asociación con otras autoinmunopatías. El índice de Quetelet estaba entre los percentiles 90 y 97 en 5 casos, y entre 3 y 10 en 8 casos. Los resultados bioquímicos fueron: T4 282,41 ± 1,1 nmol/l; FT4 62,98 ± 1,1 pmol/l; T3 4,92 ± 0,07 nmol/l; TSH 0,002 mU/l. Los valores de TSI/TRAb fueron 33,23 ± 1,95 U/l. Sehan obtenido 4 remisiones totales y una parcial. En 4 ocasionesse recurrió a cirugía y 8 pacientes recibieron 131I.

Conclusiones

Se han obtenido pocas remisiones con el tratamiento médico y el radioyodo parece ser una terapéutica alternativa.

Palabras clave:
Hipertiroidismo
Graves-Basedow
Radioyodo
Background and objective

Graves' disease is rare in childhood and adolescence.

Patients and method

Six boys and 43 girls between the ages of 2 and 18 years were evaluated. All presented diffuse goiter and symptomatology of hyperthyroidism. Concentrations of T4, FT4, T3 and TSH were determined by RIA with various sensitivities during the study. Thyroid antibodies were determined by hemagglutination. All patients were treated with antithyroid drugs.

Results

In five patients, growth velocity increased. In a further five patients association with other autoimmune diseases was detected. Quetelet's index was between the 90th and 97th percentiles in five patients and between 3th and 10th in eight. Biochemical results were as follows: T4: 282.41 ± 1.1 nmol/1; FT4: 62.98 ± 1.1 pmol/l; T3: 4.92 ±0.07 nmol/l) and TSH: > 0.002-0.001 mU/l. Values of TSI/TRAb were 33.23 ± 1.95 U/l. Four total remissions and 1 partial remission were observed. Four patients underwent surgery and eight received radioiodine.

Conclusions

Few remissions were obtained with medical treatment.Radioiodine seems to be a therapeutic alternative.

Key words:
Hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
Radioiodine
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
P.G. Walfish, K.H. Tseng.
Thyroid physiology and pathology.
Pediatric endocrinology, pp. 367
[2.]
A. Grütters.
Treatment of Graves' disease in children and adolescents.
Horm Res, 49 (1993), pp. 255-257
[3.]
J.M. Tanner, R.H. Whithouse.
Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity and stages of puberty.
Arch Dis Child, 51 (1976), pp. 170-179
[4.]
H. Perrild, A. Grütters, U. Feldt, D. Grant, E. Martino, L. Kayser, et al.
Diagnosis and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in childhood. A European questionnaire study.
Eur J Endocrinol, 131 (1994), pp. 467-473
[5.]
M. Sempé, G. Pédron, M.P. Roy-Pernot.
Théraplix, (1979),
[6.]
M. Sempé, C. Pavía.
íaz de Santos, (1994),
[7.]
M.F. Rolland-Cachera, M. Sempé, M. Guillaud-Bataille, E. Patois, F. Péguinot-Guggenbuhl, V. Fautrad.
Adiposity indices in children.
Am J Clin Nutr, 36 (1982), pp. 178-184
[8.]
J. Boiko, J. Léger, M.C. Raux-Demay, S. Cabrol, Y. LeBouc, P. Czerni-Chow.
Maladie de Basedow chez l'enfant: aspects cliniques et évolutifs.
Arch Pédiatr, 5 (1998), pp. 722-730
[9.]
H. Barnes, R.M. Blizzard.
Antithyroid drug therapy for toxic diffuse goiter (Graves' disease): thirty years experience in children and adolescents.
J Pediatr, 91 (1977), pp. 313-320
[10.]
J.M. Friedman, P.J. Fialkow.
The genetics of Graves' disease.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 7 (1978), pp. 47-65
[11.]
E.H. Sidibe, M. Dia, H. Toure-Sow, A.M. Sow, S.M. Seck-Gassama, R. Ndoye.
Hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus: analysis of 10 african cases.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 60 (1999), pp. 33-39
[12.]
K. Yoshioka, A. Ohsawa, T. Yoshida, S. Yokoh.
Insulindependent diabetes mellitus associated with Graves' disease and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.
J Endocrinol Invest, 16 (1993), pp. 643-646
[13.]
S. La Franchi, S. Mandel.
Graves' disease and other forms of hyperthyroidism in infants and children.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes, 3 (1996), pp. 101-109
[14.]
S. Schlesinger, M.H. McGillivary, R.W. Munschauer.
Acceleration of growth and bone maturation in childhood thyrotoxicosis.
J Pediatr, 83 (1973), pp. 233-236
[15.]
A. Siddiqi, J.M. Burrin, K. Noonan, I. James, D.F. Wood, C.P. Price.
A longitudinal study of markers of bone turnover in Graves' disease and their value in predicting bone mineral density.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82 (1997), pp. 753-759
[16.]
E. Jódar, M. Muñoz-Torres, F. Escobar-Jiménez, M. Quesada, J.D. Luna, N. Olea.
Antiresorptive therapy in hyperthyroid patients: longitudinal changes in bone and mineral metabolism.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82 (1997), pp. 1989-1994
[17.]
J.L. Kraimps, M.H. Bouin-Pineau, R. Marechaud, J. Barbier.
Basedow's disease and thyroid nodules. A common association.
Ann Chir, 52 (1998), pp. 449-451
[18.]
N.E. Carnell, W.A. Valente.
Thyroid nodules in Graves' disease: classification, characterization, and response to treatment.
Thyroid, 8 (1998), pp. 647-652
[19.]
G. Pellegreti, A. Belfiore, D. Giufrida, L. Lupo, R. Vigneri.
Outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer in Graves' patients.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83 (1998), pp. 2805-2809
[20.]
J.A. Franklyn.
The management of hyperthyroidism.
N Engl J Med, 330 (1994), pp. 1751-1758
[21.]
A. Grütters.
Treatment of Graves' disease in children and adolescents.
Horm Res, 49 (1998), pp. 255-257
[22.]
T.D. Cheetham, I.A. Hughes, N.D. Barnes.
Treatment of hyperthyroidism in young people.
Arch Dis Child, 78 (1998), pp. 207-209
[23.]
K.V. Williams, S. Nayak, D. Becker, J. Reyes, L.A. Burmeister.
Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity: what have we learnedα.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82 (1997), pp. 1727-1733
[24.]
C. Pavía, M.R. Martín, C. Valls, A. Palou.
Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en la infancia: a propósito de un caso tratado con Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en la infancia: a propósito de un caso tratado con carbonato de litio.
An Esp Pediatr, 13 (1980), pp. 1045-1046
[25.]
C.A. Benbassat, M.E. Molitch.
The use of lithium in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Endocrinologist, 8 (1998), pp. 383-387
[26.]
K. Hashizume, K. Ichikawa, A. Sakurai.
Administration of thyroxine in treated Graves' disease: effects on the level of antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and on the risk of recurrence of hyperthyroidism.
N Engl J Med, 324 (1991), pp. 947-953
[27.]
B. McIver, P. Rae, G. Beckett, E. Wilkinson, A. Gold, A. Toft.
Lack of effect of thyroxine in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism who are treated with an antithyroid drug.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 220-224
[28.]
C. Gorton, A. Sadeghi-Nejad, B. Senior.
Remission in children with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil.
Ajdc, 141 (1987), pp. 1084-1086
[29.]
F.A. Karlsson.
Childhood Graves' disease-remission rate and risk factors.
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 83 (1998), pp. 1398
[30.]
N.S. Glaser, D.M. Styne.
Predictors of early remission of hyperthyroidism in children.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82 (1997), pp. 1719-1726
[31.]
R.S. Rittmaster, E.C. Abbott, R. Douglas, M.L. Givner, L. Lehman, S. Reddy.
Effect of methimazole, with or without L-thyroxine,on remission rates in Graves' disease.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83 (1998), pp. 814-818
[32.]
O. Torring, L. Tallstedt, G. Wallin, G. Lundell, J.G. Ljunggren, A. Taube, M. Saaf, B. Hamberger.
and the Thyroid Study Group. Graves' hyperthyroidism; treatment with antithyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine: a prospective, randomized study.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81 (1996), pp. 2986-2993
[33.]
C. Rudberg, H. Johansson, G. Akerström, T. Tuvemo, F.A. Karlsson.
Graves' disease in children and adolescents. Late results of surgical treatment.
Eur J Endocrinol, 134 (1996), pp. 710-715
[34.]
L. Wartofsky.
Radioiodine in the treatment of Graves' disease.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes, 5 (1998), pp. 288-295
[35.]
T.D. Cheetman, P. Wraight, I. Hughes, N.D. Barnes.
Radioiodine treatment of Graves' disease in young people.
Horm Res, 49 (1998), pp. 258-262
[36.]
J.H. Lazarus.
Guideliness for the use of radioiodine in the management of hyperthyroidism: a summary.
J R Coll Phys(Londres), 29 (1995), pp. 464-469
[37.]
R.E. Imseis, L. Vanmiddlesworth, J.D. Massie, A.J. Bush, N.R. Vanmiddlesworth.
Pretreatment with propylthiouracil but not methimazole reduces the therapeutic efficacy of Iodine-131in hyperthyroidism.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83 (1998), pp. 685-687
[38.]
E. Vilardell.
Tratamiento del hipertiroidismo con yodo 131:riesgo-beneficio.
Endocrinología, 46 (1999), pp. 147-149
Copyright © 2000. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?