array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1695403300773930"
  "issn" => "16954033"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77393-0"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-06-01"
  "aid" => "77393"
  "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2000"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;52:507-15"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2583
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 87
      "HTML" => 2036
      "PDF" => 460
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1695403300773942"
    "issn" => "16954033"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77394-2"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-06-01"
    "aid" => "77394"
    "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;52:516-22"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2488
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 70
        "HTML" => 1956
        "PDF" => 462
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Función respiratoria en niños supervivientes de neoplasia maligna"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "516"
          "paginaFinal" => "522"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Pulmonary function in pediatric survivors of malignant neoplasty"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A. Sacristán, P. García de Miguel, C. Antelo, F. Ruza, S. García García y, J.M. Pino García"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A."
              "apellidos" => "Sacristán"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P."
              "apellidos" => "García de Miguel"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C."
              "apellidos" => "Antelo"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F."
              "apellidos" => "Ruza"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S."
              "apellidos" => "García García y"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.M."
              "apellidos" => "Pino García"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300773942?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/16954033/0000005200000006/v1_201307051505/S1695403300773942/v1_201307051505/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1695403300773929"
    "issn" => "16954033"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77392-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2000-06-01"
    "aid" => "77392"
    "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2000;52:501-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1544
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 86
        "HTML" => 960
        "PDF" => 498
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Correlación entre carga viral elevada y concentraciones de TNF-α y cICAM-1 en el plasma de niños infectados por el VIH-1"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "501"
          "paginaFinal" => "506"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Relationship between high plasma viral load and levels of tnf-a and cicam-1 in vertically hiv-1 infected children"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "S. Resino, J.L. Jiménez, J.M. Bellón, D. Gurbindo, M.A. Muñoz-Fernández"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S."
              "apellidos" => "Resino"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.L."
              "apellidos" => "Jiménez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J.M."
              "apellidos" => "Bellón"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D."
              "apellidos" => "Gurbindo"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M.A."
              "apellidos" => "Muñoz-Fernández"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300773929?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
    "url" => "/16954033/0000005200000006/v1_201307051505/S1695403300773929/v1_201307051505/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Densidad mineral ósea en la diabetes mellitus infantojuvenil"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "507"
        "paginaFinal" => "515"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "E. Viña Simón, G. Bueno Lozano, M.I. Armada Maresca, J.L. Ruibal Francisco, C. Fernández Pérez, C. Lozano Tonkin, E. Casado de Frías"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E."
            "apellidos" => "Viña Simón"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "G&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Bueno Lozano"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;I&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Armada Maresca"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ruibal Francisco"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez P&#233;rez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Lozano Tonkin"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Casado de Fr&#237;as"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamentos de Pediatr&#237;&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico San Carlos&#46; Madrid"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Medicina Preventiva &#40;Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n Clinicoepidemiol&#243;gica&#41; Hospital Cl&#237;nico San Carlos&#46; Madrid"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Medicina Interna &#40;Unidad de Osteopat&#237;as Metab&#243;licas&#41;&#46; Hospital Cl&#237;nico San Carlos&#46; Madrid"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia&#58; Al&#225;antara&#44; 18&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#176;</span>&#46; 28006 Madrid&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "1999-10-31"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2000-04-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186361"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Densidad mineral &#243;sea"
            1 => "Densitometr&#237;a de doble energ&#237;a de rayos X"
            2 => "Diabetes tipo 1"
            3 => "Ni&#241;os"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186362"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Bone mineral density"
            1 => "Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry"
            2 => "Type 1 diabetes mellitus"
            3 => "Children"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar la densidad mineral &#243;sea &#40;DMO&#41; en hueso axial y apendicular en un grupo de ni&#241;os y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 y relacionarla con par&#225;metros de control metab&#243;lico y con el tiempo de evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una densitometr&#237;a de columna lumbar &#40;L 1-L 4&#41; y de antebrazo mediante el densit&#243;metro de doble energ&#237;a de rayos X Hologic QDR&#59;1000 a 246 ni&#241;os y adolescentes sanos &#40;111 varones y 135 mujeres&#44; de 2&#44;8 a 20&#44;8 a&#241;os&#41; y a 45 diab&#233;ticos &#40;18 varones y 27 mujeres&#44; de 5&#44;2 a 19&#44;4 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; Los resultados se expresaron en forma de media y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46; Las diferencias entre ambas poblaciones se determinaron mediante el t-test y an&#225;lisis de la variancia&#46; La relaci&#243;n entre DMO y el resto de las variables se midi&#243; mediante el coeficiente de correlaci&#243;n de Pearson y el coeficiente de correlaci&#243;n parcial&#46; Se defini&#243; significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica a un valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La DMO aumenta desde la infancia a la vida adulta en ambas poblaciones&#46; La DMO de los pacientes diab&#233;ticos fue inferior a la del grupo no diab&#233;tico&#44; tanto en la columna lumbar como en el antebrazo&#44; sobre todo durante el brote puberal&#46; Las diferencias de masa &#243;sea m&#225;s llamativas se encontraron en el hueso trabecular de la pobla-ci&#243;n masculina&#46; No se encontr&#243; ninguna relaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa entre la DMO de las diferentes regiones analizadas y los par&#225;metros de control metab&#243;lico &#40;hemoglobina glucosilada media&#44; dosis de insulina&#41; o el tiempo de evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad &#40;p &#62; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La diabetes tipo 1 debe considerarse una poblaci&#243;n de riesgo de padecer osteoporosis en la vida adulta&#46; El diagn&#243;stico debe establecerse a partir de criterios densitom&#233;-tricos&#44; ya que en este estudio el grado de control metab&#243;lico o el tiempo de evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad no per-mitieron predecir qu&#233; grupo de diab&#233;ticos va a estar os-teop&#233;nico&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine bone mineral density &#40;BMD&#41; at axial and appendicular sites in patients with type 1 diabetes melli-tus and evaluate its relationship with metabolic control and disease duration&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptio-metry &#40;Hologic QDR-1000&#41; in the lumbar spine &#40;L 1-L 4&#41; and at the distal third forearm in 246 healthy non-diabetic children and adolescents &#40;111 boys&#44; 135 girls&#44; aged 2&#46;820&#46;8 years&#41; and in 45 diabetic patients &#40;18 boys&#44; 27 girls&#44; aged 5&#46;2-19&#46;4 years&#41;&#46; The results were expressed as the mean and standard deviation&#46; The differences were tested by analysis of variance or Student&#39;s t-test&#44; as appropriate&#46; The relationship between BMD and the remaining variables was studied by simple Pearson&#39;s coefficient and partial correlation coefficient&#46; Significance was defined as p &#60; 0&#46;05&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BMD increased progressively from infancy to adulthood in both populations&#46; Lumbar spine and forearm BMD were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in the healthy non-diabetic children&#44; mainly during pubertal spurt&#46; The greatest differences were found in males and in the trabecular bone&#46; No relationship was found between metabolic control &#40;mean glycosylated hemoglobin&#44; insulin requirement&#41; and duration of diabetes and the BMD in any region studied &#40;p &#62; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus appear to constitute a population at risk of osteoporosis in adulthood&#46; Diagnosis of osteopenia diagnosis should be established according to densitometric criteria&#46; In this study&#44; metabolic control parameters and duration of diabetes did not enable predetermination of diabetic patients at risk of osteoporosis in adulthood&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Marcadores del remodelado &#243;seo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; D&#237;az"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Ped"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "26"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth factors and the regulation of bone remodeling"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Canalis"
                            1 => "T&#46;H&#46; McCarthy"
                            2 => "M&#46; Centrella"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1172/JCI113318"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "277"
                        "paginaFinal" => "281"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276726"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores de crecimiento semejantes a la insulina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Argente"
                            1 => "A&#46; Carrascosa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Tratado de endocrinolog&#237;a pedi&#225;trica"
                        "paginaInicial" => "67"
                        "paginaFinal" => "80"
                        "serieFecha" => "1995"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Local and systemic factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46;G&#46; Raisz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "319"
                        "paginaInicial" => "818"
                        "paginaFinal" => "828"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;W&#46; Ponder"
                            1 => "D&#46;P&#46; McCormick"
                            2 => "H&#46;D&#46; Fawcett"
                            3 => "A&#46;D&#46; Tran"
                            4 => "G&#46;W&#46; Olgesby"
                            5 => "B&#46;H&#46; Brouhard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "120"
                        "paginaInicial" => "541"
                        "paginaFinal" => "545"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1552391"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mineral metabolism and bone mass at peripheral and axial skeleton in diabetes mellitus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Auxwerx"
                            1 => "J&#46; Dequeker"
                            2 => "R&#46; Bouillon"
                            3 => "P&#46; Geusens"
                            4 => "J&#46; Nijs"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "8"
                        "paginaFinal" => "12"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3335279"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A prospective study of bone mass in patients with type I diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;L&#46; Hui"
                            1 => "R&#46; Epstein"
                            2 => "C&#46;C&#46; Johnston"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Me-tab"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "74"
                        "paginaFinal" => "80"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Importancia del estudio del contenido mineral &#243;seo en la diabetes infantil"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Dur&#225;"
                            1 => "M&#46; Moya"
                            2 => "E&#46; Cort&#233;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Endocrinolog&#237;a"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "282"
                        "paginaFinal" => "285"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone mass in young patients with type I diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Weber"
                            1 => "L&#46; Beccaria"
                            2 => "M&#46; De Angelis"
                            3 => "S&#46; Mora"
                            4 => "L&#46; Galli"
                            5 => "M&#46;A&#46; Cazzuf-fi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bone Mineral"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "23"
                        "paginaFinal" => "30"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical use of bone densitometry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46;C&#46; Johnston"
                            1 => "C&#46;W&#46; Slemenda"
                            2 => "L&#46;V&#46; Melton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199104183241606"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "324"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1109"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2008183"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Accuracy of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for body composition measurements in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46;J&#46; Ellis"
                            1 => "R&#46;J&#46; Shypailo"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Pratt"
                            3 => "W&#46;G&#46; Pond"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "60"
                        "paginaInicial" => "660"
                        "paginaFinal" => "665"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7942570"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estudio comparativo de mineralizaci&#243;n &#243;sea en ni&#241;os y adolescentes con talla baja familiar y grupo control de referencia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;I&#46; Armad&#225;"
                            1 => "T&#46; Alonso"
                            2 => "E&#46; Vi&#241;a"
                            3 => "G&#46; Bueno"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; Ruibal"
                            5 => "p&#46; Zuluaga"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Esp Ped"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "467"
                        "paginaFinal" => "474"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Densitometr&#237;a &#243;sea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Lozano Tonkin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Fomeco"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "141"
                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bases f&#237;sicas de la densitometr&#237;a &#243;sea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Puchal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Med"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Radiation dose and in vitro precision in paediatric bone mineral density measurement using dual X-ray absorptiometry"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46;F&#46; Njeh"
                            1 => "S&#46;B&#46; Samat"
                            2 => "A&#46; Nightingale"
                            3 => "E&#46;A&#46; McNeil"
                            4 => "C&#46;M&#46; Boivin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1259/bjr.70.835.9245884"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Radiol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "70"
                        "paginaInicial" => "719"
                        "paginaFinal" => "727"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9245884"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Screening for osteoporosis&#58; comparison between dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and broadband ultrasoun attenuation in 1000 perimenopausal women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Massie"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Reid"
                            2 => "R&#46;W&#46; Porter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Osteoporosis Int"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "110"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical longitudinal standars for heigh&#44; weight&#44; height velocity&#44; weight velocity and stages of puberty"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Tanner"
                            1 => "R&#46;H&#46; Whitehouse"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "170"
                        "paginaFinal" => "179"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/952550"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of diabetes mellitus on bone mass in juvenile and adult- onset diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Levin"
                            1 => "V&#46;C&#46; Boisseau"
                            2 => "L&#46;V&#46; Avioli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM197601292940502"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1976"
                        "volumen" => "294"
                        "paginaInicial" => "241"
                        "paginaFinal" => "244"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1244549"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Osteopenia in juvenile diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Shore"
                            1 => "R&#46;W&#46; Chesney"
                            2 => "R&#46;B&#46; Mazess"
                            3 => "P&#46;G&#46; Rose"
                            4 => "G&#46;J&#46; Bargman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Calcif Tissue Int"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "455"
                        "paginaFinal" => "457"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6797697"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Longterm bone loss in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Mathiassen"
                            1 => "S&#46; Nielsen"
                            2 => "J&#46; Ditzel"
                            3 => "P&#46; Rodbro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "227"
                        "paginaInicial" => "325"
                        "paginaFinal" => "327"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2341825"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone demineralization and impaired mineral metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus&#46; A possible role of magnesium deficiency"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Saggese"
                            1 => "S&#46; Bertelloni"
                            2 => "G&#46;I&#46; Baroncelli"
                            3 => "G&#46; Federico"
                            4 => "L&#46; Calisti"
                            5 => "C&#46; Fusaro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Helv Paediatr Acta"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "405"
                        "paginaFinal" => "414"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2787312"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone loss in diabetes&#58; effects on metabolic state"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; McNair"
                            1 => "S&#46; Mabsbad"
                            2 => "C&#46; Christiansen"
                            3 => "M&#46;S&#46; Christiansenn"
                            4 => "O&#46;K&#46; Faber"
                            5 => "c&#46; Binder"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetologia"
                        "fecha" => "1979&#96;"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "283"
                        "paginaFinal" => "286"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/387503"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Alterations in circulating vitamine D metabolites in young insulin-dependent diabetic"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;E&#46; Frazer"
                            1 => "D&#46;H&#46; White"
                            2 => "S&#46; Hough"
                            3 => "J&#46;V&#46; Santiago"
                            4 => "B&#46;R&#46; McGee"
                            5 => "G&#46; Bruce"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/jcem-53-6-1154"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Endocrinol Metab"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1154"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1159"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7028772"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diminution of bone mass in childhood diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;L&#46; Rosenbloom"
                            1 => "D&#46;C&#46; Lezotte"
                            2 => "F&#46;T&#46; Weber"
                            3 => "J&#46; Gudat"
                            4 => "D&#46;R&#46; Heller"
                            5 => "M&#46;L&#46; Weber"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1052"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1055"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/913894"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone loss and bone turnover in diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Krakauer"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; McKenna"
                            2 => "N&#46;F&#46; Buderer"
                            3 => "D&#46;S&#46; Rao"
                            4 => "F&#46;W&#46; Whitehouse"
                            5 => "A&#46;M&#46; Parfitt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "775"
                        "paginaFinal" => "782"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7789645"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone mineral density measured by dual X-ray ab-sorptiometry in Spanish patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Mu&#241;oz-Torres"
                            1 => "E&#46; Jodar"
                            2 => "F&#46; Escobar-Jim&#233;nez"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; L&#243;pez-Ibarra"
                            4 => "J&#46;D&#46; Luna"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Calcif Tissue Int"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "316"
                        "paginaFinal" => "319"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8661964"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone mineral density in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1 of recent onset"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Pascual"
                            1 => "J&#46; Argente"
                            2 => "M&#46;B&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            3 => "M&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            4 => "G&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            5 => "M&#46;A&#46; V&#225;zquez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Calcif Tissue Int"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                        "paginaFinal" => "35"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9405730"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vertebral bone density in insulin-dependent diabetic children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;F&#46; Roe"
                            1 => "S&#46; Mora"
                            2 => "G&#46; Costin"
                            3 => "F&#46; Kaufman"
                            4 => "M&#46;E&#46; Carlson"
                            5 => "V&#46; Gilsanz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Metabolism"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "967"
                        "paginaFinal" => "971"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1895962"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Afecci&#243;n de hueso cortical y trabecular en la diabetes insuli-nodependiente"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; D&#237;az"
                            1 => "N&#46; Palacios"
                            2 => "A&#46; Rapado"
                            3 => "C&#46; De la Piedra"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; Herrera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "189"
                        "paginaInicial" => "408"
                        "paginaFinal" => "411"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1792368"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bone mineral density in children and adolescents with juvenile diabetes&#58; selective measurement of bone mineral density of trabecular and cortical bone using peripheral quantitative computed Tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Lettgen"
                            1 => "B&#46; Hauffa"
                            2 => "C&#46; M&#246;hlman"
                            3 => "C&#46; Jeken"
                            4 => "C&#46; Reiners"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Horm Res"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "173"
                        "paginaFinal" => "175"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7782045"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/16954033/0000005200000006/v1_201307051505/S1695403300773930/v1_201307051505/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "14282"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/16954033/0000005200000006/v1_201307051505/S1695403300773930/v1_201307051505/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00005H&text.app=https://analesdepediatria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403300773930?idApp=UINPBA00005H"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 52. Núm. 6.
Páginas 507-515 (junio 2000)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 52. Núm. 6.
Páginas 507-515 (junio 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Densidad mineral ósea en la diabetes mellitus infantojuvenil
Bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Visitas
6448
E. Viña Simóna,*, G. Bueno Lozanoa, M.I. Armada Marescaa, J.L. Ruibal Franciscoa, C. Fernández Pérezb, C. Lozano Tonkinc, E. Casado de Fríasa
a Departamentos de Pediatrí, Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid
b Medicina Preventiva (Unidad de Investigación Clinicoepidemiológica) Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid
c Medicina Interna (Unidad de Osteopatías Metabólicas). Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Objetivo

Determinar la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en hueso axial y apendicular en un grupo de niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 y relacionarla con parámetros de control metabólico y con el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad

Pacientes y método

Se realizó una densitometría de columna lumbar (L 1-L 4) y de antebrazo mediante el densitómetro de doble energía de rayos X Hologic QDR;1000 a 246 niños y adolescentes sanos (111 varones y 135 mujeres, de 2,8 a 20,8 años) y a 45 diabéticos (18 varones y 27 mujeres, de 5,2 a 19,4 años). Los resultados se expresaron en forma de media y desviación estándar. Las diferencias entre ambas poblaciones se determinaron mediante el t-test y análisis de la variancia. La relación entre DMO y el resto de las variables se midió mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y el coeficiente de correlación parcial. Se definió significación estadística a un valor de p < 0,05.

Resultados

La DMO aumenta desde la infancia a la vida adulta en ambas poblaciones. La DMO de los pacientes diabéticos fue inferior a la del grupo no diabético, tanto en la columna lumbar como en el antebrazo, sobre todo durante el brote puberal. Las diferencias de masa ósea más llamativas se encontraron en el hueso trabecular de la pobla-ción masculina. No se encontró ninguna relación estadísticamente significativa entre la DMO de las diferentes regiones analizadas y los parámetros de control metabólico (hemoglobina glucosilada media, dosis de insulina) o el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad (p > 0,05).

Conclusiones

La diabetes tipo 1 debe considerarse una población de riesgo de padecer osteoporosis en la vida adulta. El diagnóstico debe establecerse a partir de criterios densitomé-tricos, ya que en este estudio el grado de control metabólico o el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad no per-mitieron predecir qué grupo de diabéticos va a estar os-teopénico.

Palabras clave:
Densidad mineral ósea
Densitometría de doble energía de rayos X
Diabetes tipo 1
Niños
Objective

To determine bone mineral density (BMD) at axial and appendicular sites in patients with type 1 diabetes melli-tus and evaluate its relationship with metabolic control and disease duration.

Patients and method

BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptio-metry (Hologic QDR-1000) in the lumbar spine (L 1-L 4) and at the distal third forearm in 246 healthy non-diabetic children and adolescents (111 boys, 135 girls, aged 2.820.8 years) and in 45 diabetic patients (18 boys, 27 girls, aged 5.2-19.4 years). The results were expressed as the mean and standard deviation. The differences were tested by analysis of variance or Student's t-test, as appropriate. The relationship between BMD and the remaining variables was studied by simple Pearson's coefficient and partial correlation coefficient. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.

Results

BMD increased progressively from infancy to adulthood in both populations. Lumbar spine and forearm BMD were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in the healthy non-diabetic children, mainly during pubertal spurt. The greatest differences were found in males and in the trabecular bone. No relationship was found between metabolic control (mean glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin requirement) and duration of diabetes and the BMD in any region studied (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus appear to constitute a population at risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. Diagnosis of osteopenia diagnosis should be established according to densitometric criteria. In this study, metabolic control parameters and duration of diabetes did not enable predetermination of diabetic patients at risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.

Key words:
Bone mineral density
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Children
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
A. Díaz.
Marcadores del remodelado óseo.
An Esp Ped, 93 (1997), pp. 21-26
[2.]
E. Canalis, T.H. McCarthy, M. Centrella.
Growth factors and the regulation of bone remodeling.
J Clin Invest, 81 (1988), pp. 277-281
[3.]
J. Argente, A. Carrascosa.
Factores de crecimiento semejantes a la insulina.
Tratado de endocrinología pediátrica, pp. 67-80
[4.]
L.G. Raisz.
Local and systemic factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
N Engl J Med, 319 (1988), pp. 818-828
[5.]
S.W. Ponder, D.P. McCormick, H.D. Fawcett, A.D. Tran, G.W. Olgesby, B.H. Brouhard, et al.
Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
J Pediatr, 120 (1992), pp. 541-545
[6.]
J. Auxwerx, J. Dequeker, R. Bouillon, P. Geusens, J. Nijs.
Mineral metabolism and bone mass at peripheral and axial skeleton in diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes, 37 (1988), pp. 8-12
[7.]
S.L. Hui, R. Epstein, C.C. Johnston.
A prospective study of bone mass in patients with type I diabetes.
J Clin Endocrinol Me-tab, 60 (1985), pp. 74-80
[8.]
T. Durá, M. Moya, E. Cortés.
Importancia del estudio del contenido mineral óseo en la diabetes infantil.
Endocrinología, 42 (1995), pp. 282-285
[9.]
G. Weber, L. Beccaria, M. De Angelis, S. Mora, L. Galli, M.A. Cazzuf-fi, et al.
Bone mass in young patients with type I diabetes.
Bone Mineral, 8 (1990), pp. 23-30
[10.]
C.C. Johnston, C.W. Slemenda, L.V. Melton.
Clinical use of bone densitometry.
N Engl J Med, 324 (1991), pp. 1105-1109
[11.]
K.J. Ellis, R.J. Shypailo, J.A. Pratt, W.G. Pond.
Accuracy of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for body composition measurements in children.
Am J Clin Nutr, 60 (1994), pp. 660-665
[12.]
M.I. Armadá, T. Alonso, E. Viña, G. Bueno, J.L. Ruibal, p. Zuluaga, et al.
Estudio comparativo de mineralización ósea en niños y adolescentes con talla baja familiar y grupo control de referencia.
An Esp Ped, 49 (1998), pp. 467-474
[13.]
C. Lozano Tonkin.
Densitometría ósea.
Fomeco, 1 (1993), pp. 141-146
[14.]
R. Puchal.
Bases físicas de la densitometría ósea.
Rev Esp Med, 10 (1991), pp. 3-6
[15.]
C.F. Njeh, S.B. Samat, A. Nightingale, E.A. McNeil, C.M. Boivin.
Radiation dose and in vitro precision in paediatric bone mineral density measurement using dual X-ray absorptiometry.
Br J Radiol, 70 (1997), pp. 719-727
[16.]
A. Massie, D.M. Reid, R.W. Porter.
Screening for osteoporosis: comparison between dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and broadband ultrasoun attenuation in 1000 perimenopausal women.
Osteoporosis Int, 3 (1993), pp. 107-110
[17.]
J.M. Tanner, R.H. Whitehouse.
Clinical longitudinal standars for heigh, weight, height velocity, weight velocity and stages of puberty.
Arch Dis Child, 51 (1976), pp. 170-179
[18.]
M.E. Levin, V.C. Boisseau, L.V. Avioli.
Effects of diabetes mellitus on bone mass in juvenile and adult- onset diabetes.
N Engl J Med, 294 (1976), pp. 241-244
[19.]
R.M. Shore, R.W. Chesney, R.B. Mazess, P.G. Rose, G.J. Bargman.
Osteopenia in juvenile diabetes.
Calcif Tissue Int, 33 (1981), pp. 455-457
[20.]
B. Mathiassen, S. Nielsen, J. Ditzel, P. Rodbro.
Longterm bone loss in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
J Intern Med, 227 (1990), pp. 325-327
[21.]
G. Saggese, S. Bertelloni, G.I. Baroncelli, G. Federico, L. Calisti, C. Fusaro.
Bone demineralization and impaired mineral metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A possible role of magnesium deficiency.
Helv Paediatr Acta, 43 (1989), pp. 405-414
[22.]
P. McNair, S. Mabsbad, C. Christiansen, M.S. Christiansenn, O.K. Faber, c. Binder, et al.
Bone loss in diabetes: effects on metabolic state.
Diabetologia, 17 (1979`), pp. 283-286
[23.]
T.E. Frazer, D.H. White, S. Hough, J.V. Santiago, B.R. McGee, G. Bruce, et al.
Alterations in circulating vitamine D metabolites in young insulin-dependent diabetic.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 53 (1981), pp. 1154-1159
[24.]
A.L. Rosenbloom, D.C. Lezotte, F.T. Weber, J. Gudat, D.R. Heller, M.L. Weber, et al.
Diminution of bone mass in childhood diabetes.
Diabetes, 26 (1977), pp. 1052-1055
[25.]
J.C. Krakauer, M.J. McKenna, N.F. Buderer, D.S. Rao, F.W. Whitehouse, A.M. Parfitt.
Bone loss and bone turnover in diabetes.
Diabetes, 44 (1995), pp. 775-782
[26.]
M. Muñoz-Torres, E. Jodar, F. Escobar-Jiménez, P.J. López-Ibarra, J.D. Luna.
Bone mineral density measured by dual X-ray ab-sorptiometry in Spanish patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Calcif Tissue Int, 58 (1996), pp. 316-319
[27.]
J. Pascual, J. Argente, M.B. López, M. Muñoz, G. Martínez, M.A. Vázquez, et al.
Bone mineral density in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1 of recent onset.
Calcif Tissue Int, 62 (1998), pp. 31-35
[28.]
T.F. Roe, S. Mora, G. Costin, F. Kaufman, M.E. Carlson, V. Gilsanz.
Vertebral bone density in insulin-dependent diabetic children.
Metabolism, 40 (1991), pp. 967-971
[29.]
M. Díaz, N. Palacios, A. Rapado, C. De la Piedra, J.L. Herrera.
Afección de hueso cortical y trabecular en la diabetes insuli-nodependiente.
Rev Clin Esp, 189 (1991), pp. 408-411
[30.]
B. Lettgen, B. Hauffa, C. Möhlman, C. Jeken, C. Reiners.
Bone mineral density in children and adolescents with juvenile diabetes: selective measurement of bone mineral density of trabecular and cortical bone using peripheral quantitative computed Tomography.
Horm Res, 43 (1995), pp. 173-175
Copyright © 2000. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?