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Vol. 54. Issue 1.
Pages 27-31 (1 January 2001)
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Vol. 54. Issue 1.
Pages 27-31 (1 January 2001)
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Transmisión vertical del virus de la hepatitis C
Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus infection
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C. Rubio Quevedo
Corresponding author
claudiorq@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Avda. de Barcelona, 20, 2°A. 18006 Granada
, M.aA. Holgado Carballo, A. García Suárez, I. Martín de Lara, L. Moltó Ripoll
Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Materno-Infantil Virgen de las Nieves. Granada
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Objetivos

Los estudios sobre la transmisión vertical del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) son escasos a pesar de ser la causa más frecuente de hepatitis C en niños. Se pretende fundamentalmente conocer la tasa de transmisión vertical del VHC en recién nacidos de riesgo y el efecto de los posibles factores de riesgo.

Métodos

Durante un período de 18 meses (de julio de 1997 a enero de 1999) se efectuó seguimiento prospectivo a 35 niños hijos de madres seropositivas mediante controles de anticuerpos anti-VHC con ELISA de tercera generación, ARN-VHC por RT-PCR de forma cualitativa y enzimograma hepático.

Resultados

Del total de 35 niños objeto del estudio, el 100% tuvieron anticuerpos (Ac) VHC positivos al nacimiento. La edad media de negativización fue de 6 meses. En 2 niños (5,7%) se detectó infección por el virus C. Uno de ellos era hijo de una madre con coinfección VHC y VIH. De las 35 gestantes seropositivas se identificó un factor de riesgo de transmisión percutánea para el VHC (adicción a drogas por vía parenteral o transfusiones previas) en 19 (54%) y 9 (26%) tenían coinfección por VIH.

Conclusiones

El presente estudio concuerda con otros que determinan una tasa de transmisión vertical del VHC alrededor de un 5 %, con un mayor riesgo si las madres tienen coinfección VHC/VIH o factores de riesgo parenterales. Se requieren estudios extensos para determinar la prevalencia de la infección por virus de la hepatitis C en gestantes así como la tasa exacta de transmisión vertical. Es necesario el seguimiento de los niños infectados para valorar las repercusiones de la infección por VHC.

Palabras clave:
ransmisión vertical
Virus de la hepatitis C (VHC)
Objectives

Few studies have been published on vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), although it is the most common cause of hepatitis C in children. We aimed to determine the rate of vertical transmission of HCV in at-risk neonates and to assess the effect of possible risk factors.

Methods

A prospective follow-up study was conducted in 35 children of seropositive mothers during an 18-month period (July 1997-January 1999). Testing for anti-HCV antibodies was performed with third-generation enzyme-linked im-munoadsorbent assay. HCV-RNA was qualitatively analyzed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and hepatic enzyme studies.

Results

All the 35 children studied were positive for HCV antibodies at birth. The children became HCV-negative at a mean age of 6 months. HCV infection was detected in two children (5.7%). The mother of one of these children had both HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among the 35 seropositive mothers, a risk factor for percutaneous transmission of HCV (parenteral injection, drug addiction, or previous transfusions) was detected in 19 (54%) and HIV coinfection was found in 9 (26%).

Conclusions

The present study is consistent with other studies that found a vertical HCV transmission rate of approximately 5 %, with a greater risk if the mothers had HCV/HIV coinfection or parenteral risk factors. Studies with greater numbers of subjects are required to determine the prevalence of HCV in expectant mothers and the precise rate of vertical transmission. Infected children should be followed up to evaluate the repercussions of HCV infection.

Key words:
ertical transmission
Hepatitis C virus
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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