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Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 18-26 (enero 2001)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 1.
Páginas 18-26 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Prevalencia actual de asma, alergia e hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños de 6–8 años
Current prevalence of asthma, allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 6 to 8 years old
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7153
J. Fuertes Femández-Espinara,
Autor para correspondencia
jfuertesf@medynet.com

Correspondencia: Centro de Salud del Perpetuo Socorro. Ramón y Cajal, 57. 22006 Huesca
, J. Meriz Rubioa, C. Pardos Martíneza, V. López Cortésa, J.I. Ricarte Díeza, E. González Pérez-Yarzab
a Centro de Salud del Perpetuo Socorro. Huesca
b Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Hospital Aránzazu. San Sebastián
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Objetivo

Determinar la prevalencia actual de asma, alergia y de hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños de 6 a 8 años de Huesca.

Material y métodos

Estudio transversal de prevalencia asma, rinitis y dermatitis por encuesta International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) a toda la población de 6-8 años de un área urbana (n = 1.051) y prick-test e hi-perrespuesta bronquial (test de carrera libre, volumen espiratorio máximo en el primer minuto [FEV1]) en una muestra representativa de la misma (n = 309).

Resultados

La tasa de participación en encuestas fue de 88,01% (n = 925): prevalencia actual de síntomas relacionados con asma, 7,4%; rinitis, 10,5% y dermatitis, 8,5%. La participación en el estudio de prick-test e hiperrespues-ta bronquial fue del 86,55% (n = 309): hiperrespuesta bronquial 5,3%; prick-test positivo 21,8% con sensibilizaciones a pólenes de gramíneas 45,5%, olivo 34,8% y ácaros 10,6%. Síntomas de rinitis y/o de dermatitis junto con prick-test positivo, 7,92 %. Síntomas relacionados con asma junto con hiperrespuesta bronquial, 5,5%.

Conclusiones

Se ha establecido en niños de 6-8 años de edad de la población de Huesca la prevalencia actual de asma (5,5 %), de alergia (7,92 %) y de hiperrespuesta bronquial (5,3%).

Palabras clave:
lergia
Asma
Hiperrespuesta bronquial
Test de carrera libre
Prick-test
Prevalencia
Epidemiología
Niños
Objective

To determine the current prevalence of asthma, allergy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 6 to 8 years old from Huesca (Spain).

Patients and methods

We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis by questionnaire (ISAAC), skin-test and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (exercise challenge, forced expiratory volume1) in all children aged 6 to 8 years old living in an urban area (n = 1051) and in a representative sample from the same area (n = 309).

Results

The questionnaire response rate was 88.01% (n = 925). Current prevalence rates were 7.4% for wheezing, 10.5% for rhinitis and 8.5 % for dermatitis. Participation rate in the skin-test and bronchial hyperresponsiveness study was 86.55 % (n = 309): bronchial hyperresponsiveness was found in 5.3% and skin-test was positive in 21.8% while sensitization against grass pollen was found in 45.5 %, against olives in 34.8% and against house dust mite in 10.6%. Rhinitis and/or dermatitis symptoms and positive skin-test were found in 7.92 %. Asthma-related symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were found in 5.5 %.

Conclusions

This study reports the current prevalence of asthma (5.5%), allergy (7.92%) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (7.92) in children aged 6 to 8 years old from Huesca.

Key words:
llergy
Asthma
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Exercise challenge
Skin-prick test
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