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Vol. 55. Issue 4.
Pages 369-373 (1 October 2001)
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Vol. 55. Issue 4.
Pages 369-373 (1 October 2001)
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Púrpura fulminante idiopática con déficit transitorio de proteína S
Idiopathic purpura fulminans with severe protein s deficiency
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C. de Frutos Martíneza,
Corresponding author
ja1111@euskalnet.net

Correspondencia: UCIP. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Donostia. P.° Dr. Begiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián.
, A. Iturrioz Mataa, E. González Pérez-Yarzaa, M.aC. Arratibel Fuentesb, R. Sainz Arronizb, Y. Albisu Andradea
a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Hospital Donostia. San Sebastián
b Sección de Coagulación, Servicio de Hematología (LUD). Hospital Donostia. San Sebastián
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La púrpura fulminante idiopática cursa con lesiones cutáneas purpuroequimóticas, planas, rápidamente progresivas y coagulopatía intravascular diseminada (CID), en ausencia de infección activa o alteraciones previas de la coagulación. Afecta fundamentalmente a niños y en el 90 % de los casos está precedida por una infección banal. La base patogénica es un déficit transitorio de proteína S, mediado por autoanticuerpos, que propicia un estado de hipercoagulabilidad.

Se presenta un caso en un varón de 2 años previamente sano, con lesiones purpúricas cutáneas características de púrpura fulminante y CID en ausencia de sepsis. Se constató un déficit grave pero transitorio de proteínas S. Precisó tratamiento sustitutivo con plasma fresco congelado durante 12 días y anticoagulación durante 3 meses, siendo la evolución favorable. La actividad de proteína S permaneció disminuida durante 50 días a pesar de la normalización precoz del resto de los parámetros.

Palabras clave:
Púrpura fulminante
Proteína S
Proteína C
Coagulopatía adquirida
Trombofilia

Idiopathic purpura fulminans produces rapidly progressive hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin with disseminated intravascular coagulation in individuals without known abnormalities of the protein C pathway or acute infections. The disease mainly affects children and in 90% of cases is preceded by a benign infection. Its pathogenesis involves a temporary autoimmune protein S deficiency that provokes a state of hypercoagulability.

We present the case of a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with hemorrhagic skin lesions characteristic of purpura fulminans and disseminated intravascular coagulation without sepsis. Severe, temporary protein S deficiency was confirmed. The patient received daily replacement therapy with fresh frozen plasma for 12 days and anticoagulation with heparin for 3 months. Evolution was favorable. Although the other parameters returned to normal, protein S remained low for 50 days despite treatment. The patient has made a complete recovery.

Key words:
Purpura fulminans
Protein S
Protein C
Acquired coagulation defect
Thrombophilia
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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