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Vol. 53. Issue 3.
Pages 243-248 (1 September 2000)
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Vol. 53. Issue 3.
Pages 243-248 (1 September 2000)
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Profilaxis de la anemia de la prematuridad con eritropoyetina. Estudio caso-control
Prophylaxis of anemia of prematurity with erythropoietin. case control study
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M.J. de la Torre Aguilar*, F.J. Gascón Jiménez, M. Zapatero Martínez, J. Guzmán Cabañas, D. Huertas Muñoz, D. Ruiz González, P. Jaraba Caballero
Departamento de Pediatría. Unidad de Neonatología. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía
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Objetivo

Determinar la eficacia del tratamiento con eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rH-EPO) en la profilaxis de la anemia del prematuro.

Pacientes y método

Estudio de casos y controles, no aleatorizado, retrospectivo de 108 pretérminos de peso < 1.500 gramos y edad gestacional < 34 semanas. Se excluyeron a los prematuros afectados de enfermedad hemolítica o hemorrágica y/o fallecimiento durante los primeros días de vida. Fueron tratados 54 pacientes con rH-EPO (250 U/kg, subcutánea, 3 veces por semana) durante 6 semanas. Se añadió sulfato ferroso oral (4-6 mg/kg/día) y un complejo polivitamínico.

Resultados

Entre ambos grupos no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a: edad gestacional, peso, ferritina, hemoglobina y hematócrito al ingreso, número de extracciones y días con ventilación mecánica. El número de transfusiones por niño en el grupo sin rH-EPO fue de 1,46 ± 1,38, frente a 0,69 ± 1,19 en el tratado (p < 0,002). Un 63% de los niños tratados no precisaron ser transfundidos frente a un 29% del grupo control (p < 0,001). La hemoglobina media más baja alcanzada fue de 8,72 ± 2,62 g/dl en el grupo sin tratamiento, frente a una hemoglobina de 9,7 ± 2,08 g/dl en el que sí lo recibió.

Conclusiones

La a dministración profiláctica de rH-EPO muestra una tendencia a disminuir el número de transfusiones en los prematuros de bajo peso, siendo claramente eficaz en los pretérminos estables con un peso superior a 1.000 gramos.

Palabras clave:
Eritropoyetina
Anemia de la prematuridad
Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin (rH-EPO) in the prophylactic treatment of anemia of prematurity.

Patients and methods

We performed a non-randomised, retrospective case control study of 108 premature babies with birth weights of less than 1500 grams and gestational age of less than 34 weeks. Infants with hemolytic or hemorrhagic disease and those who died in the first days of life were excluded. Fifty-four patients were treated with rHEPO (250 U/kg subcutaneously, 3 times a week) for 6 weeks. A ferrous sulfate supplement was also administered orally (4-6 mg/kg/day) with a multivitamin complex.

Results

There were no differences between groups in gestational age, birth weight, ferritin levels, hematocrit and hemoglobin on admission, amount of blood sampled and days with ventilatory support. The number of transfusions per patient were 1.46 ± 1.38 in control group versus 0.69 ± 1.19 in rH-EPO-treated infants (p < 0.002). Sixty-three percent of infants in the treated group did not require blood transfusions compared with only 29.7% in the nontreated group (p < 0.001). The lowest mean hemoglobin was 8.72 ± 2.62 gr/dl in the control group versus 9.70 ± 2.08 gr/dl in the rH-EPO group.

Conclusions

Prophylactic treatment with rH-EPO was effective in reducing the number of transfusions, mainly in stable newborn infants with a birth weight greater than 1000 grams.

Keywords:
Erythropoietin
Anemia of prematurity
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