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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El lavado g&#225;strico es un m&#233;todo que a&#250;n se utiliza en M&#233;xico y otras regiones del mundo sin una evidencia que lo sustente&#46; Se plane&#243; un ensayo aleatorio controlado para probar la hip&#243;tesis de que la aspiraci&#243;n del l&#237;quido amni&#243;tico del est&#243;mago del neonato reduce la n&#225;usea y el v&#243;mito y que produce un incremento en la tolerancia a la primera toma de leche materna o f&#243;rmula&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ensayo aleatorio simple ciego realizado en un hospital general rural en el norte de M&#233;xico&#46; Los reci&#233;n nacidos sanos elegibles fueron distribuidos de manera aleatoria para realizarles un lavado g&#225;strico &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>63&#41; o simple bservaci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#41;&#46; Los resultados que hab&#237;a que evaluar fueron el porcentaje de neonatos con v&#243;mito&#47;n&#225;usea en las primeras 24 h de vida y la tasa de fracaso de amamantamiento&#46; Esto fue evaluado por una enfermera de manera ciega en el grupo al que fue asignado el reci&#233;n nacido&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De los 63 pacientes en el grupo de lavado g&#225;strico&#44; 13 presentaron al menos un episodio de n&#225;usea o v&#243;mito&#44; comparado con 15 de los 61 del grupo control &#40;riesgo relative &#91;RR&#93;&#58; 0&#44;84&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95 &#37;&#58; 0&#44;43-1&#44;61&#41;&#46; Siete parejas madre-reci&#233;n nacido en el grupo de lavado g&#225;strico no completaron una alimentaci&#243;n exitosa al seno materno&#44; comparado con cinco en el grupo control &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;8&#59; RR&#58; 0&#44;96&#59; IC 95 &#37;&#58; 0&#44;86-1&#44;08&#41;&#46; Otras variables como el sexo del neonato o la tasa de obtenci&#243;n por ces&#225;rea no tuvieron efecto sobre el resultado principal&#46; No se comunicaron complicaciones atribuidas al procedimiento&#46; Todos los neonatos fueron dados de alta sin complicaciones&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El lavado o aspirado g&#225;strico en el reci&#233;n nacido de t&#233;rmino y sano es un procedimiento com&#250;n que debe anularse como pr&#225;ctica diaria en el cunero&#44; ya que no representa ventaja alguna&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gastric lavage is still used in Mexico and other countries without evidence to support this practice&#46; We performed a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that elimination of amniotic fluid from the stomach of the newborn reduces nausea and vomiting and improves tolerance on the first feedings of breast or formula milk&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A randomized&#44; single-blind&#44; controlled trial was conducted in a rural general hospital in the north of Mexico&#46; Eligible healthy term newborns were randomly allocated to receive gastric lavage &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>63&#41; or observation &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61&#41;&#46; The primary outcome measures were the presence of nausea and&#47;or emesis in the first 24 hours of life and the breastfeeding failure rate&#44; evaluated by a nurse blinded to the group assignment&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of the 63 patients in the gastric lavage group&#44; 13 had at least one episode of nausea or vomiting compared with 15 out of 61 patients in the control group &#40;relative risk&#58; 0&#46;84&#59; 95 &#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;43 to 1&#46;61&#41;&#46; Breastfeeding failure occurred in seven mother-child pairs in the gastric lavage group compared with five in the control group &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8&#59; relative risk&#58; 0&#46;96&#59; 95 &#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;86 to 1&#46;08&#41;&#46; Other variables such as sex or cesarian section rate were unrelated to outcome&#46; There were no complications that could be attributed to the procedure&#46; All the newborn infants were discharged without problems&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gastric aspiration or lavage in the healthy full-term newborn is a common procedure that should be abandoned as it confers no advantages&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 63. Issue 6.
Pages 509-513 (1 December 2005)
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Vol. 63. Issue 6.
Pages 509-513 (1 December 2005)
Originales
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Lavado gástrico en recién nacidos sanos: un ensayo clínico aleatorio
Gastric lavage in healthy term newborns: a randomized controlled trial
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C. Cuello-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
carlos.cuello@itesm.mx

Correspondencia: Dr. C. Cuello-García. Departamento de Pediatría. Escuela de Medicina, ITESM. Avda. Morones Prieto 3000 Pte. Col. Doctores. CP 64710. Monterrey N.L. México.
, V. González-Lópeza, A. Soto-Gonzáleza, V. López-Guevarab, S.J. Fernández-Ortizb, M.ªC. Cortez-Hernándezb
a Departamento de Pediatría. Escuela de Medicina. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM). México
b Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital General de Galeana. Secretaría de Salud de Nuevo León. Galeana, N.L. México
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Article information
Introducción

El lavado gástrico es un método que aún se utiliza en México y otras regiones del mundo sin una evidencia que lo sustente. Se planeó un ensayo aleatorio controlado para probar la hipótesis de que la aspiración del líquido amniótico del estómago del neonato reduce la náusea y el vómito y que produce un incremento en la tolerancia a la primera toma de leche materna o fórmula.

Pacientes y métodos

Ensayo aleatorio simple ciego realizado en un hospital general rural en el norte de México. Los recién nacidos sanos elegibles fueron distribuidos de manera aleatoria para realizarles un lavado gástrico (n=63) o simple bservación (n=61). Los resultados que había que evaluar fueron el porcentaje de neonatos con vómito/náusea en las primeras 24 h de vida y la tasa de fracaso de amamantamiento. Esto fue evaluado por una enfermera de manera ciega en el grupo al que fue asignado el recién nacido.

Resultados

De los 63 pacientes en el grupo de lavado gástrico, 13 presentaron al menos un episodio de náusea o vómito, comparado con 15 de los 61 del grupo control (riesgo relative [RR]: 0,84; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 0,43-1,61). Siete parejas madre-recién nacido en el grupo de lavado gástrico no completaron una alimentación exitosa al seno materno, comparado con cinco en el grupo control (p=0,8; RR: 0,96; IC 95 %: 0,86-1,08). Otras variables como el sexo del neonato o la tasa de obtención por cesárea no tuvieron efecto sobre el resultado principal. No se comunicaron complicaciones atribuidas al procedimiento. Todos los neonatos fueron dados de alta sin complicaciones.

Conclusiones

El lavado o aspirado gástrico en el recién nacido de término y sano es un procedimiento común que debe anularse como práctica diaria en el cunero, ya que no representa ventaja alguna.

Palabras clave:
Lavado gástrico
Procedimientos
Alimentación al seno materno
Introduction

Gastric lavage is still used in Mexico and other countries without evidence to support this practice. We performed a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that elimination of amniotic fluid from the stomach of the newborn reduces nausea and vomiting and improves tolerance on the first feedings of breast or formula milk.

Patients and methods

A randomized, single-blind, controlled trial was conducted in a rural general hospital in the north of Mexico. Eligible healthy term newborns were randomly allocated to receive gastric lavage (n=63) or observation (n=61). The primary outcome measures were the presence of nausea and/or emesis in the first 24 hours of life and the breastfeeding failure rate, evaluated by a nurse blinded to the group assignment.

Results

Of the 63 patients in the gastric lavage group, 13 had at least one episode of nausea or vomiting compared with 15 out of 61 patients in the control group (relative risk: 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.43 to 1.61). Breastfeeding failure occurred in seven mother-child pairs in the gastric lavage group compared with five in the control group (P=0.8; relative risk: 0.96; 95 % CI: 0.86 to 1.08). Other variables such as sex or cesarian section rate were unrelated to outcome. There were no complications that could be attributed to the procedure. All the newborn infants were discharged without problems.

Conclusions

Gastric aspiration or lavage in the healthy full-term newborn is a common procedure that should be abandoned as it confers no advantages.

Key words:
Gastric lavage
Procedures
Breastfeeding
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Copyright © 2005. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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