Estudio inmunohematológico de la enfermedad hemolítica ABO

Cid Vidal, J.; Elies Fibla, E.

doi:10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77452-2

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)

ISSN: 2341-2879

The Spanish Pediatric Association (Asociación Española de Pediatría, AEP) has as one of its main objectives the dissemination of rigorous and up-to-date scientific information on the various areas of pediatrics. Annals of Pediatrics is an open access journal that serves as the Association's Scientific Expression Organ and constitutes the vehicle through which members communicate. Annals of Pediatrics publishes, in English and Spanish, original research papers on pediatrics, as well as review articles prepared by experts in each specialty, and guidelines or positioning documents prepared by the different Societies/Specialized Sections integrated into the Spanish Pediatric Association. The journal, a reference for Spanish-speaking pediatrics, is indexed in the most important international databases: Index Medicus/Medline IBECS, IME, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citations Report, Embase/Excerpta Medica, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Indexed in:

Index Medicus/Medline IBECS, IME, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citations Report, Embase/Excerpta Medica, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

La enfermedad hemolítica ABO puede manifestarse cuando existe incompatibilidad de grupo ABO entre la madre y el hijo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la incompatibilidad serológica ABO presente en nuestro centro, comparar 2 técnicas immunohematológicas para su diagnóstico serológico y evaluar la repercusión de la incompatibilidad ABO en el hematócrito de la sangre de cordón umbilical.

Métodos

Se realizó el grupo ABO y Rh(D) en 881 muestras de sangre materna y de sangre de cordón. Con esta última se realizó la prueba de la antiglobulina directa (PAD), el eluido y el microhematócrito.

Resultados

La incompatibilidad ABO se dio en 134 (15,3%) casos. Ésta se detectó con la PAD y el eluido en un 31,6 y 68,4% de los casos estudiados, respectivamente (p = 0,001). El grupo con incompatibilidad ABO presentó unas cifras de hematócrito inferiores al grupo sin incompatibilidad, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (44 ± 7,8% frente a 46,5 ± 6,5%; p = 0,029).

Conclusiones

Aunque la enfermedad hemolítica ABO clínicamente significativa es rara, la incompatibilidad ABO se detecta con las técnicas serológicas comúnmente utilizadas y es causa de cierto grado de hemólisis en el recién nacido.

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad hemolítica ABO

Eluido

Prueba de la antiglobulina directa

Hematócrito

Ojective

ABO-hemolytic disease occurs when ABO-incompatibility is present between the mother and the fetus. The objective of the present study was to analyze ABO-hemolytic disease in our center, to compare two serologic tests to diagnose it and to evaluate hematocrit values in cord blood samples.

Methods

ABO and Rh(D) group was found in 881 blood samples. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained and direct antiglobulin test (DAT), eluate and microhematocrit were performed.

Results

ABO-incompatibility was found in 134 (15.3%) cases. DAT was positive in 31.6% of patients studied with ABOincompatibility and the eluate identified the antibody in 68.4% of studied patients (p = 0.001). Hematocrit values were lower in the group with ABO-incompatibility than in the ABO-compatible group (44 ± 7.8% vs. 46.5 ± 6.5%; p = 0.029).

Conclusions

Although severe ABO hemolytic disease is rare, ABO incompatibility is detected with current serologic tests and it causes a certain degree of hemolysis in newborn infants.

Keywords:

ABO hemolytic disease

Eluate

Direct antiglobulin test

Hematocrit

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