Cribado neonatal de la sordera mediante otoemisiones acústicas evocadas

Cubells Fuentes, J.M.; Gairí Tahull, J.M.

doi:10.1016/S1695-4033(00)77503-5

Article information

Objetivo

Describir la puesta en marcha de un programa de detección precoz de la sordera en época neonatal y en un hospital privado.

Material y métodos

En el período comprendido entre el 1 de agosto de 1994 y el 31 de julio de 1999 se estudiaron 1.750 recién nacidos procedentes de la nursery y de la unidad de neo-natología de nuestro centro, mediante la técnica de las oto-emisiones acústicas provocadas (OEA), practicadas a partir de las 24 h de vida, tras obtener la autorización de los padres.

Resultados

La cobertura (número de niños a los que se practican las OEA respecto al total de recién nacidos vivos) ascendió del 6% en 1994 al 37,5% en 1999. Se detectaron seis hipoacu-sias neurosensoriales de rango leve-moderado con unos resultados globales del 4%o de hipoacusias y del 2,3 %o de hipoacusias bilaterales.

Conclusiones

En este trabajo se demuestra que es posible detectar la sordera en período neonatal mediante OEA y su efectividad. También se comprueba la dificultad de alcanzar un cribado universal, debido a la falta de concienciación de la población, lo cual hace necesario la participación de los gobiernos y los estamentos médicos oficiales en la tarea de legislar dichos programas de detección y en concienciar a la población.

Palabras clave:

Otoemisiones acústicas provocadas

Cribado neonatal

Hipoacusia

Objectives

To describe the implementation of a program for the early detection of deafness in newborn infants in a private hospital.

Materials and methods

Between August 1, 1994 and July 31, 1999, 1,750 neonates from the nursery and neonatology unit of our hospital were studied using evoked acoustic emissions (EAE). Screening was performed after the first 24 hours of life and after parent consent had been obtained.

Results

The coverage (number of neonates screened using otoa-coustic emissions compared with the total number of live births) increased from 6% in 1994 to 37.5% in 1999. Six mild-moderate neurosensory hypoacusis were detected; overall results were 4 % hypoacusis and 2.3 % bilateral hy-poacusis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that hardness of hearing can be detected at birth by means of EAE. Because of lack of awareness in the general population, universal screening is difficult. Consequently, governments and medical organizations should legislate for such screening programs and should make the general population aware of them.

Keywords:

Evoked otoacoustic emissions

Neonatal screening

Hy-poacusis

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