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Vol. 53. Issue 6.
Pages 542-546 (1 December 2000)
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Vol. 53. Issue 6.
Pages 542-546 (1 December 2000)
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Anticuerpo antitransglutaminasa: utilidad en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca
The tissue transglutaminase antibody: usefulness in the diagnosis of celiac disease
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M. Palacios Sarrasquetaa,
Corresponding author
mpalacis@cfnavarra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica. Hospital Virgen del Camino. 31008 Pamplona.
, A. Rivero Marcoteguia, F. Sánchez-Valverde Visusb, E. Feijoo Blancoc, M.A. Ramos Arroyoc, J.E. Olivera Olmedob, S. García Merloa
a Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica. Hospital de Navarra. Hospital Virgen del Camino. 31008 Pamplona.
b Servicios de Pediatría y Hospital Virgen del Camino. 31008 Pamplona.
c Servicios de Genética. Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona
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Objetivo

Hasta ahora los anticuerpos de clase IgA antiendomisio (AEm-IgA) y antigliadina (AAG-IgA) se consideraban unos marcadores sensibles y específicos de enfermedad celíaca. Recientemente se ha identificado un nuevo anticuerpo, el antitransglutaminasa (TGt-IgA), como un marcador si no mejor, sí más práctico en el cribado de dicha enfermedad, sobre todo como una prueba muy útil de detección en grandes poblaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar la utilidad del TGt-IgA como prueba de diagnóstico y cribado de la enfermedad celíaca y observar la relación existente entre este anticuerpo y los otros más conocidos y sobradamente utilizados como el AAG-IgA y el anticuerpo antiendomisio (AEm-IgA).

Pacientes y método

El estudio se ha realizado en 115 niños divididos en 3 grupos: 31 pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad celíaca según los criterios de la ESPGAN, 21 pacientes celíacos en fase de dieta libre de gluten y 63 considerados grupo control. Se emplearon dos métodos inmunoenzimáticos comerciales (ELISA para detectar los AAG-IgA e IgA- TGt, respectivamente. Los AEm-IgA se cuantificaron mediante un método de fluorescencia indirecta utilizando porción distal de esófago de mono como antígeno

Resultados

En el grupo global de 115 pacientes, el TGt-IgA presentó una concordancia del 91 % con el AEm-IgA y del 85% con el AAG-IgA. Cuando el grupo estudiado era el de enfermos celíacos esta concordancia era del 84 y 61 %, respectivamente. Por otra parte, el TGt-IgA presentó una sensibilidad de 83 frente al 94% de los AEm-IgA y el 74% de los AAG-IgA. Los tres anticuerpos presentaron una especificidad similar

Conclusiones

El uso de un método ELISA para determinar los TGt-IgA muestra una buena correlación con las determinaciones de AAG y AEm y podría representar una nueva prueba de detección en la enfermedad celíaca. La técnica es sencilla, presenta una buena especificidad y sensibilidad respecto a los clásicos AAG y AEm, no está sometida a la subjetividad de la persona que evalúa la prueba, es barata y muy práctica en programas de cribado generalizado.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad celíaca
Anticuerpos antigliadina
Anticuerpos antiendomisio
Anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa
Objective

Until now IgA-EmA and IgA-AGA antibodies have been considered to be specific and sensitive markers of celiac disease. A new antibody, the tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTG), antibody has recently been identified, which is believed to be if not a better marker then a more practical one in screening for celiac disease, especially in large populations. To evaluate the usefulness of the IgA-tTG antibody in the diagnosis and screening of celiac disease and to determine the relationship between this antibody and other better-known and overused antibodies, antigliadin (IgA-AGA) and anti-endomysial (IgA-EmA)

Patients and method

The study was performed in 115 children divided into three groups: 31 patients diagnosed with the celiac disease, according to the ESPGAN criteria; 21 patients with celiac disease following a gluten-free diet, and 63 considered as control group. Two enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect AGA and tTG antibodies, respectively. EmA antibodies were determined by using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with commercial sections of distal monkey oesophagus as antigen

Results

In the 115 patients taken as a whole, the tTG antibody showed 91 % agreement with the EmA antibody and 85 % agreement with the AGA antibody. In the celiac group, agreement was 84 % and 61 % respectively. Sensitivity of the tTG antibody was 83 % compared with 94 % for EmA and 74 % for AGA. Specificity was similar in all three tests.

Conclusions

The ELISA test for tTG correlates well with the traditional AGA and EmA tests and could be used as a new test for celiac disease. The procedure is simple and shows high specificity and sensitivity compared with classical EmA and AGA tests and does not involve subjective scoring. It is cheap and very well suited for large-scale screening for celiac disease

Keywords:
Coeliac disease
Antigliadin antibodies
Antiendomysial antibodies
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies
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