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Vol. 60. Núm. 6.
Páginas 561-568 (junio 2004)
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Vol. 60. Núm. 6.
Páginas 561-568 (junio 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Utilidad diagnóstica de la radiografía en el traumatismo craneal. Una revisión crítica de la bibliografía
Diagnostic utility of radiography in head trauma: A critical review of the literature
Visitas
23376
P.J. Alcalá Minagorrea,
Autor para correspondencia
palcala@wanadoo.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Maestro Alonso, 109. 03010 Alicante. España
, J. Aranaz Andrésb, J. Flores Serranoa, L. Asensio Garcíab, A. Herrero Galianaa
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante
b Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante. España
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Introductión

La indicación de las distintas pruebas de imagen en el traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) pediátrico, y en especial la radiografía de cráneo, es motivo de controversia

Objetivo

Evaluar efectividad de la radiografía en el manejo del TCE en edad pediátrica. Para ello se tratará de determinar su valor predictivo en la detección de lesiones intracraneales, independientemente de la sintomatología y la exploración clínica del paciente

Material y métodos

Tras realizar una revisión de la literatura médica (MEDLINE), y otros recursos de búsqueda disponibles en internet, se seleccionaron los trabajos limitados a edad pediátrica (0–18 años) que aportaran información sobre el rendimiento diagnóstico de la radiografía de cráneo en el TCE. Se recogieron el origen y las características de la población en estudio, y las posibles limitaciones de diseño

Resultados

Se seleccionaron 12 trabajos originales, tres de los cuales se referían a menores de 2 años. Se encontraron diferencias en el origen de las poblaciones muestrales, prevalencia de lesión intracraneal y fractura de cráneo, gravedad de los traumatismos incluidos, y en los criterios de realización de pruebas de imagen

Conclusiones

La escasa comparabilidad entre los artículos dificulta la evaluación del rendimiento de la radiografía de cráneo. Aunque se admite su utilización ante algunas circunstancias en el grupo de menores de 2 años, los datos obtenidos confieren un escaso valor a la realización sistemática de radiografía en la valoración del traumatismo craneal en edad pediátrica. La tomografía computarizada constituye la prueba de referencia ante la presencia de síntomas o signos de posible lesión neurológica

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo craneoencefálico
Radiografía de cráneo
Edad pediátrica
Revisión de la literatura
Introduction

The indication of distinct imaging studies in pediatric head trauma, and especially the use of skull radiography, is controversial

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of skull radiography in the management of head trauma in pediatric patients. To do this, we aimed to determine the predictive value of this procedure in detecting intracranial injuries, independently of patients' symptoms and clinical examination

Material and methods

We performed a review of the medical literature (MEDLINE) and of other resources available for searching biomedical information. Studies limited to pediatric patients (0–18 years old) that provided information on the diagnostic utility of skull radiography in head injury were selected. The source and characteristics of the populations studied and potential design limitations were taken into account

Results

Twelve original studies were selected, three of which were performed in children younger than two years old. Differences were found in the origin of the sample populations, the prevalence of intracranial injury and skull fracture, the severity of the trauma included, and in the criteria for performing imaging tests

Conclusions

Because of the limited comparability of the articles, the usefulness of skull radiography was difficult to assess. Although the use of this technique is accepted in some circumstances in patients younger than two years old, the data obtained assign little value to the systematic use of radiography to assess head trauma in pediatric patients. Head computed tomography is indicated when symptoms or signs of possible neurological injury are present

Key words:
Head injury
Skull radiography
Pediatric age group
Literature review
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