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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar1005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los ni&#241;os con infecci&#243;n respiratoria aguda constituyen un grupo permanente de estudio para evitar el tratamiento innecesario con antibi&#243;ticos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentar los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos y estudiar el efecto que tienen los datos cl&#237;nicos&#44; anal&#237;ticos&#44; radiol&#243;gicos y microbiol&#243;gicos en la decisi&#243;n de tratar con antibi&#243;ticos a ni&#241;os hospitalizados por infecci&#243;n respiratoria aguda&#44; buscando criterios que justifiquen su uso</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se revisan las historias cl&#237;nicas de 147 ni&#241;os ingresados consecutivamente por catarro de v&#237;as altas&#44; bronquitis&#44; bronquiolitis y neumon&#237;a&#44; durante un a&#241;o &#40;mayo 1996-abril 1997&#41;&#46; Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos&#58; pacientes no tratados con antibi&#243;ticos &#40;n &#61; 92&#41;&#44; y pacientes tratados &#40;n &#61; 55&#41; y se compararon estad&#237;sticamente los datos mediante un programa R-Sigma</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el conjunto de la serie&#44; la edad media fue de 2&#44;5 a&#241;os con predominio de varones 85 &#40;58&#37;&#41;&#59; hab&#237;an consultado previamente en urgencias 105 pacientes &#40;72&#37;&#41; y estaban recibiendo antibi&#243;ticos 45 pacientes &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46; Se diagnostic&#243; catarro de v&#237;as altas en 81 pacientes &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#44; bronquitis en 28 &#40;18&#37;&#41;&#44; bronquiolitis en 23 &#40;15&#37;&#41; y neumon&#237;a en 15 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#46; Hubo 97 pacientes &#40;66&#37;&#41; con infecci&#243;n viral demostrada y 2 &#40;1&#37;&#41; bacteriana&#46; El virus respiratorio sincitial se aisl&#243; en 41 pacientes &#40;28&#37;&#41; y el adenovirus en 30 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#46; Entre los pacientes no tratados resultaron estad&#237;sticamente significativos la mayor duraci&#243;n de los s&#237;ntomas antes del ingreso&#44; la linfocitosis&#44; el diagn&#243;stico de bronquiolitis y la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax normal&#46; Entre los pacientes tratados fueron estad&#237;sticamente significativas fiebre&#44; leucocitosis&#44; neutrofilia y el diagn&#243;stico de neumon&#237;a&#44; siendo as&#237; mismo m&#225;s larga la estancia hospitalaria</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro medio&#44; es dif&#237;cil indicar un tratamiento antibi&#243;tico bas&#225;ndose en criterios bacteriol&#243;gicos&#59; los criterios cl&#237;nicos&#44; radiol&#243;gicos y anal&#237;ticos pueden ayudar en la toma de decisiones</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar1025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Children with acute respiratory tract infection &#40;ARTI&#41; represent an important target group for efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To present the epidemiological data and evaluate the effect of clinical&#44; laboratory&#44; radiological and microbiological data on the decision to prescribe antibiotics to pediatric patients with ARTI as well as to seek criteria that would justify antibiotic use</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective review was made of the clinical histories of 147 previously healthy children&#44; consecutively admitted to our hospital with ARTI for 1 year &#40;May 1996-April 1997&#41;&#46; Patients were divided in two groups&#58; those not treated with antibiotics &#40;n &#61; 92&#41; and those treated &#40;n &#61; 55&#41;&#46; Data from the two groups were compared with a statistical computer program &#40;R-Sigma&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of the 147 patients studied&#44; mean age was 2&#46;5 years &#40;range 0-14 years&#41; and 85 &#40;58&#37;&#41; males&#46; One-hundred-andfive patients &#40;72&#37;&#41; had previously been attended to in the emergency room&#44; and 45 patients &#40;30&#37;&#41; had been treated with antibiotics&#46; Upper respiratory tract infection was diagnosed in 81 patients &#40;54&#37;&#41;&#44; bronchitis in 28 &#40;18&#37;&#41;&#44; bronchiolitis in 23 &#40;15&#37;&#41; and pneumonia in 15 &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#46; Ninety- seven patients &#40;66&#37;&#41; had viral infection and only two &#40;1&#37;&#41; had bacterial infection&#46; Syncytial respiratory virus was isolated in 41 patients &#40;28&#37;&#41; and adenovirus in 30 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#46; In the untreated group&#44; the longer duration of symptoms before admission&#44; lymphocytosis&#44; clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and normal thorax X-ray&#44; were statistically significant&#46; In the treated group&#44; fever&#44; leukocytosis&#44; neutrophilia and a diagnosis of pneumonia were statistically significant&#46; Length of stay was longer in this group than in the untreated group</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It is difficult to prescribe antibiotics on the basis of bacteriologic data&#46; Laboratory&#44; analytic and radiological data can be helpful in the rational use of antibiotics</p>"
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Vol. 52. Núm. 2.
Páginas 148-156 (febrero 2000)
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Vol. 52. Núm. 2.
Páginas 148-156 (febrero 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Uso de antibióticos en niños hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda
Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns In Pediatric Inpatients With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
Visitas
7774
R. Escorihuela Estebana,
Autor para correspondencia
rescorihuela@fjd.es

Dr. R. Escorihuela. Servicio Pediatría. FJD. Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2. 28040 Madrid.
, J.A. Fernández Merchána, A. Millán Jiméneza, T. Carrión Meraa, G. del Río Camachoa, I. Gadea Gironésa
a Servicio de Pediatría. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma. Madrid.
b Departamento de Microbiología Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma. Madrid.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Antecedentes

Los niños con infección respiratoria aguda constituyen un grupo permanente de estudio para evitar el tratamiento innecesario con antibióticos.

Objetivo

Presentar los datos epidemiológicos y estudiar el efecto que tienen los datos clínicos, analíticos, radiológicos y microbiológicos en la decisión de tratar con antibióticos a niños hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda, buscando criterios que justifiquen su uso

Pacientes y métodos

Se revisan las historias clínicas de 147 niños ingresados consecutivamente por catarro de vías altas, bronquitis, bronquiolitis y neumonía, durante un año (mayo 1996-abril 1997). Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: pacientes no tratados con antibióticos (n = 92), y pacientes tratados (n = 55) y se compararon estadísticamente los datos mediante un programa R-Sigma

Resultados

En el conjunto de la serie, la edad media fue de 2,5 años con predominio de varones 85 (58%); habían consultado previamente en urgencias 105 pacientes (72%) y estaban recibiendo antibióticos 45 pacientes (30%). Se diagnosticó catarro de vías altas en 81 pacientes (54%), bronquitis en 28 (18%), bronquiolitis en 23 (15%) y neumonía en 15 (10%). Hubo 97 pacientes (66%) con infección viral demostrada y 2 (1%) bacteriana. El virus respiratorio sincitial se aisló en 41 pacientes (28%) y el adenovirus en 30 (20%). Entre los pacientes no tratados resultaron estadísticamente significativos la mayor duración de los síntomas antes del ingreso, la linfocitosis, el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis y la radiografía de tórax normal. Entre los pacientes tratados fueron estadísticamente significativas fiebre, leucocitosis, neutrofilia y el diagnóstico de neumonía, siendo así mismo más larga la estancia hospitalaria

Conclusión

En nuestro medio, es difícil indicar un tratamiento antibiótico basándose en criterios bacteriológicos; los criterios clínicos, radiológicos y analíticos pueden ayudar en la toma de decisiones

Palabras clave:
Infección respiratoria aguda
Neumonía
Bronquiolitis
Virus respiratorio sincitial
Adenovirus
Tratamiento antibiótico
Niños
Background

Children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) represent an important target group for efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.

Objective

To present the epidemiological data and evaluate the effect of clinical, laboratory, radiological and microbiological data on the decision to prescribe antibiotics to pediatric patients with ARTI as well as to seek criteria that would justify antibiotic use

Patients and methods

A retrospective review was made of the clinical histories of 147 previously healthy children, consecutively admitted to our hospital with ARTI for 1 year (May 1996-April 1997). Patients were divided in two groups: those not treated with antibiotics (n = 92) and those treated (n = 55). Data from the two groups were compared with a statistical computer program (R-Sigma)

Results

Of the 147 patients studied, mean age was 2.5 years (range 0-14 years) and 85 (58%) males. One-hundred-andfive patients (72%) had previously been attended to in the emergency room, and 45 patients (30%) had been treated with antibiotics. Upper respiratory tract infection was diagnosed in 81 patients (54%), bronchitis in 28 (18%), bronchiolitis in 23 (15%) and pneumonia in 15 (10%). Ninety- seven patients (66%) had viral infection and only two (1%) had bacterial infection. Syncytial respiratory virus was isolated in 41 patients (28%) and adenovirus in 30 (20%). In the untreated group, the longer duration of symptoms before admission, lymphocytosis, clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and normal thorax X-ray, were statistically significant. In the treated group, fever, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and a diagnosis of pneumonia were statistically significant. Length of stay was longer in this group than in the untreated group

Conclusions

It is difficult to prescribe antibiotics on the basis of bacteriologic data. Laboratory, analytic and radiological data can be helpful in the rational use of antibiotics

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