Información de la revista
Vol. 52. Núm. 6.
Páginas 554-560 (junio 2000)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 52. Núm. 6.
Páginas 554-560 (junio 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer. ¿Se basa en la evidencia?
Case of the very low birth weight infant: is it evidenced-based
Visitas
13375
A.E. Curley
Autor para correspondencia
h.halliday@qub.ac.uk

Correspondencia: Regional Neonatal Unit, Royal Maternity Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BB, Irlanda del Norte.
, T.R.J. Tubman, H.L. Halliday
Regional Neonatal Unit, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, y Department of Child Health. The Queen's University of Belfast, Irlanda del Norte
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Objetivos

Determinar qué porcentaje de intervenciones terapéuticas para los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer sometidos a cuidados intensivos neonatales está basado en la evidencia.

Métodos

Se revisó retrospectivamente el tratamiento de 80 recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer ingresados en nuestra unidad neonatal durante 1998. Para cada diagnóstico clínico, por ejemplo, síndrome de distrés respi-ratorio, conducto arterioso permeable o enfermedad pulmonar crónica, se registraron todas las intervenciones. A continuación se clasificó cada intervención de acuerdo con el nivel de evidencia que la apoyaba. El nivel I estuvo respaldado por la evidencia a partir de ensayos aleatori-zados controlados o metaanálisis de múltiples ensayos. El nivel II incluyó intervenciones respaldadas por evidencias no experimentales convincentes en situaciones en que los ensayos aleatorizados controlados serían innecesarios o poco éticos. El nivel III eran tratamientos de uso común sin una evidencia sustancial de apoyo. Estas clasificaciones se realizaron después de una búsqueda extensa en MEDLINE, The Cochrane Database y el Randomised Controlled Trial Register, una búsqueda manual detallada de los estudios publicados así como la utilización de la experiencia y conocimientos locales.

Resultados

En las historias clínicas de 80 recién nacidos se registraron 943 intervenciones terapéuticas diferentes. En conjunto, se puso de manifiesto que el 91,3% estaban basadas en la evidencia, de las cuales un 58,7% eran de nivel I, un 32,6% eran de nivel II y sólamente un 8,7% eran de nivel III.

Conclusiones

El 91,3% de intervenciones para recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer en nuestra unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales se basaron en la evidencia y solamente un 8,7% carecían de evidencia sustancial de apoyo. El tratamiento de los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer se basa en su mayor parte en la evidencia.

Palabras clave:
Recién nacidos de muy bajo peso
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Intervenciones terapéuticas
Cuidados intensivos neonatales
Objectives

To determine what percentage of therapeutic interven-tions for very low birth weight infants undergoind neo-natal intensive care is evidence based

Methods

The management of 80 very low birth weight infants admitted to our neonatal unit during 1998 was retrospectively reviewed. For each clinical diagnosis e.g. respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus or chronic lung disease all interventions were recorder. Each intervention was then categorised according to the level of supporting evidence. Level I was supported by evidence from randomised controlled trials or meta-analysis of multiple trials. Level II included interventions backed by convincing non-experimental evidence where randomised controlled trials would be unnecessary or unethical. Level III were treatments in commons use without substantial supporting evidence. These categorisations were made after extensive researching of Medline, The Coch-rane Database and the Randomised Controlled Trial Register, detailed hand-searching of the literature as well as using local expertise and knowledge.

Results

943 separate interventions were recorded in the charts of the 80 babies. Overall 91.3% were shown to be evidence-based of which 58.7% were level I, 32.6% were level II and only 8.7% were level III.

Conclusions

91.3% of interventions for very low birth weight infants in our neonatal intensive care unit were evidence-based and only 8.7% had no substantial supporting evidence. Care of the very low birthweight infants is largely evidence-based.

Key words:
Very low birthweight infants
Evidence-based medicine
Therapeutic interventions
Neonatal intensive care
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografìa
[1.]
D.L. Sackett, W.M. Rosenberg, J.A. Gray, R.B. Haynes, W.S. Richardson.
Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it isnn't.
Bmj, 312 (1996), pp. 71-72
[2.]
R. Smith.
Where is the widsom…? The poverty of medical evidence.
Bmj, 303 (1991), pp. 798-799
[3.]
V.A. Moyer, E.J. Elliott.
Evidence-based pediatrics: the future is now.
J Pediatr, 136 (2000), pp. 282-284
[4.]
L.F. Diehl, D.J. Perry.
A comparison of randomised concurrent control groups with matched historical control groups: are historical controls validα.
J Clin Oncol, 4 (1986), pp. 1114-1120
[5.]
H.S. Sacks, T.C. Chalmers, H. Smith Jr.
Sensitivity and specificityof clinical trials.
Arch Intern Med, 309 (1983), pp. 1358-1361
[6.]
C.D. Mulrow.
The medical review article: state of the art.
Ann Intern Med, 106 (1987), pp. 485-488
[7.]
Evidence-based medicine working group.
Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine.
Jama, 268 (1992), pp. 2420-2425
[8.]
J.F. Smith, J. Mossman, R. Hall, S. Hepburn, R. Pinkerton, M. Richards, et al.
Conducting medical research in the new NHS:the model of cancer.
Bmj, 309 (1994), pp. 457-461
[9.]
A.L. Cochrane.
Effectiveness and efficiency.Random reflections on health services, Nuffield Provincial Hospital's Trust, (1972),
[10.]
J. Chalmers, K. Dickersin, T.C. Chalmers.
Getting to grips with Archie Cochrane's agenda.
Bmj, 305 (1992), pp. 786-788
[11.]
J. Ellis, J. Mulligan, J. Rowe, D.L. Sackett.
Inpatient general medicine is evidence based.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 407-410
[12.]
P. Gill, A.C. Dowell, R.D. Neal, N. Smith, P. Heywood, A.F. Wilson.
Evidence based general practice: a retrospective study of interventions in one training practice.
Bmj, 312 (1996), pp. 812-821
[13.]
Geddes J, Game D, Jenkins N, Peterson GR, Sackett DL. In patient psychiatric treatment is evidence-based. Qual Health Care (en prensa).
[14.]
S.E. Kenny, K.R. Shankar, G.L. Lamont, D.A. Lloyd.
Evidence-based surgery: interventions in a regional paediatric surgical unit.
Arch Dis Child, 76 (1997), pp. 50-53
[15.]
M.C. Rudolf, N. Lyth, A. Bundle, G. Rowland, A. Kelly, Bossons, et al.
A search for the evidence supporting community paediatric practice.
Arch Dis Child, 80 (1999), pp. 257-261
[16.]
P.A. Cairns, K. Cunningham, J.C. Sinclair.
Is neonatal intensive care evidence basedα.
Pediatr Res, 43 (1998), pp. 168
[17.]
British Association of Perinatal Medicine. Guidelines for good practice in the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. www@bapm-london.org
[18.]
NIH Consensus Development Conference. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173 (1995), pp. 253-344
[19.]
N.P. French, R. Hagan, S.F. Evans, M. Godfrey, J.P. Newnham.
Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: size at birth and subsequent development.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180 (1999), pp. 114-121
[20.]
R.F. Soll.
Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. (Cochrane Review).
the Cochrane Library, Issue 1,
[21.]
R.F. Soll.
multiple versus single dose natural surfactant extract for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. (Cochrane Review).
The Cochrane Library, Issue 3,
[22.]
B. Robertson, H.L. Halliday.
Principles of surfactant replacement.
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1408 (1998), pp. 346-361
[23.]
R.F. Soll.
Prophylactic synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (Cochrane Review).
The Cochrane Library, Issue 1,
[24.]
C.J. Morley.
Systematic review of prophylactic vs rescue surfactant.
Arch Dis Child, 77 (1977), pp. F70-F74
[25.]
H.L. Halliday.
Clinical trials of postnatal corticosteroids: inhaled and systemic.
Biol Neonate, 76 (suppl 1) (1999), pp. 29-40
[26.]
T. Bhuta, A. Ohlsson.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of early postnatal dexamethasone for prevention of chronic lung disease.
Arch Dis Child, 79 (1998), pp. 26
[27.]
H.L. Halliday, R.A. Ehrenkranz.
Early postnatal (< 96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. (Cochrane Review).
The Cochrane Library, Issue 1,
[28.]
H.L. Halliday, R.A. Ehrenkranz.
Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. (Cochrane Review).
The Cochrane Library, Issue 1,
[29.]
D.J. Henderson-Smart, P. Steer.
Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. (Cochrane Review).
The Cochrane Library, Issue 1,
[30.]
W.A. Silverman.
The future of clinical experimentation in neonatal medicine.
Pediatrics, 94 (1994), pp. 932-938
[31.]
W.A. Silverman.
Retrolental Fibroplastia: A Modern Parable. Monographs in Neonatalogy, Grune and Stratton, (1980),
[32.]
R. Gilbert, S. Logan.
Future prospects for evidence-based child.
Arch Dis Child, 75 (1996), pp. 465-473
[33.]
A.D. Oxman, M.A. Thomas, D.A. Davis, R.B. Haynes.
No magic bullets: a systematic review of 102 trials of interventions to improve professional practice.
Cmaj, 153 (1995), pp. 1423-1431
[34.]
D.L. Sackett.
Using research findings in clinical practice.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 1171
Copyright © 2000. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?