Información de la revista
Vol. 54. Núm. 4.
Páginas 359-371 (abril 2001)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 54. Núm. 4.
Páginas 359-371 (abril 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Trasplante pulmonar pediátrico
Pediatric lung transplantation
Visitas
8181
C.B. Huddlestona,
Autor para correspondencia
huddlestonc@msnotes.wustl.edu

Correspondencia: Children's Place, Suite 5550. Children's Hospital. St. Louis, MO USA 63110.
, E. Mendeloffa, G.B. Malloryb
a Division of Cardiothoracic Surgey. Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Estados Unidos.
b Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, Londres, Inglaterra.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

Se han efectuado aproximadamente 700 trasplantes en niños menores de 18 años de edad en todo el mundo; en cambio, se han efectuado más de 11.000 en adultos. El principal grupo diagnóstico es el de fibrosis quística. Un grupo emergente de pacientes está constituido por los niños que nacen con enfermedades pulmonares de base congénita, como la deficiencia de la proteína B del surfactante. La supervivencia de los niños es muy similar a la observada en adultos, aunque, por lo general, los niños pertenecen a una clase de riesgo más elevado. Por ejemplo, no hay niños que hayan sido sometidos a trasplante por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (un grupo diagnóstico de bajo riesgo), en tanto que dicho diagnóstico comprende alrededor del 40 % de todos los adultos sometidosa trasplante de pulmón. La inmunosupresión consiste por lo general en ciclosporina, azatioprina y prednisona. Las complicaciones postrasplante son similares a las observadas en adultos. Alrededor del 40 % de los pacientes desarrollan una bronquiolitis obliterante hacia los 3 años postrasplante y ello sigue constituyendo el principal impedimento para la supervivencia largo plazo. La escasez de donantes también es un obstáculo significativo, sobre todo en el grupo de pacientes adolescentes. Como solución parcial a dicho problema, el trasplante pulmonar de donante vivo ha asumido mayor trascendencia en el programa. Aunque es una estrategia terapéutica compleja y costosa, el trasplante pulmonar sigue siendo el tratamiento más eficaz de las neumopatías parenquimatosas y vasculares en estadios terminales, incluso en los niños de menor edad.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante pulmonar
Niños
Lactantes
Fibrosis quística
Hipertensión pulmonar
Deficiencia de proteína B del surfactante

Approximately 700 transplants world-wide have been performed in patients aged less than 18 years; in contrast, over 11,000 lung transplants have been performed in adults. The major diagnostic group is cystic fibrosis. An emerging group of patients are infants born with congenitally based pulmonary diseases such as surfactant protein B deficiency. Survival in children is very similar to that in adults, although it is generally perceived that children are at higher risk. For instance, no children have been transplanted for chronic obstructive lung disease (a low-risk diagnostic group) while this disease comprises approximately 40 % of all adult lung transplantations. Immunosuppression generally consists of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone. Post-transplant complications in children are similar to those observed in adults. Around 40 % of patients will develop bronchiolitis obliterans approximately 3 years after transplantation and this remains the major impediment to long term survival. Donor shortage is also a significant obstacle, especially in adolescents. As a partial solution to this problem, living donor lung transplantation has taken on a greater role in our program. Although this is a complex, expensive treatment strategy, lung transplantation remains the most effective therapy for end-stage pulmonary parenchymal and vascular diseases even in children.

Key words:
Lung transplantation
Children
Cystic fibrosis
Pulmonary hypertension
Surfactant protein B deficiency
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.D. Hosenpud, L.E. Bennett, B.M. Keck, M.M. Boucek, R.J. Novick.
The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: seventeenth officialreport-2000.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 19 (2000), pp. 909-931
[2.]
Bethesda, (1995),
[3.]
E. Kerem, J. Reisman, M. Corey, G.J. Canny, H. Levison.
Prediction of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis.
N Engl J Med, 326 (1992), pp. 1187-1191
[4.]
G.I. Snell, A. De Hoyos, M. Krajden, T. Winton, J.R. Maurer.
Pseudomonas cepacia in lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis.
Chest, 103 (1993), pp. 466-471
[5.]
S.M. Finkelstein, C.L. Wielinski, G.R. Elliott, W.J. Warwick, J. Barbosa, S.C. Su.
Diabetes mellitus associated with cystic fibrosis.
J Pediatr, 112 (1988), pp. 373-377
[6.]
T.M. Egan, F.C. Detterbeck, M.R. Mill, L.J. Paradowski, R.P. Lackner, W.D. Ogden.
Improved results of lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 109 (1995), pp. 224-235
[7.]
W.E. Hopkins, L.L. Ochoe, G.W. Richardson, E.P. Trulock.
Comparison of the hemodynamics and survival of adults with severe primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger syndrome.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 15 (1996), pp. 100-105
[8.]
G.E. D'Alonzo, R.J. Barst, S.M. Ayers, E.H. Bergofsky, B.H. Brundage, K.M. Detre.
Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: resultsfrom a national prospective registry.
Ann Intern Med, 115 (1991), pp. 343-349
[9.]
R.J. Barst, L.J. Rubin, W.A. Long, M.D. McGoon, S. Rich, D.B. Badesch.
A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 296-302
[10.]
D. Kerstein, P.S. Levy, D.T. Hsu, A.J. Hordof, W.M. Gersony, R.J. Barst.
Blade balloon atrial septostomy in patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension.
Circulation, 91 (`1995), pp. 2028-2035
[11.]
M.K. Pasque, E.P. Trulock, J.D. Cooper, A.N. Triantafillou, C.B. Huddleston, M. Rosenbloom.
Single lung transplantation of pulmonary hypertension. Single institution experience in 34 patients.
Circulation, 92 (1995), pp. 2252-2258
[12.]
P. Wood.
The Eisenmenger syndrome or pulmonary hypertension with reversed central shunt.
Br Med J, 2 (1958), pp. 701-762
[13.]
S.C. Sweet, T.L. Spray, C.B. Huddleston, E. Mendeloff, C.E. Canter, D.T. Balzer.
Pediatric lung transplantation at St. Louis Children´s Hospital 1990-1995.
Am J Resp Crit Care Med, 155 (1997), pp. 1027-1035
[14.]
R.J. Novick, M.P. Kaye, A. Patterson, B. Andreassian, W. Klepetko, A.H. Menkis.
Redo lung transplantation: a North American-European experience.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 12 (1993), pp. 5-16
[15.]
A. Hamvas, G.B. Mallory, T.L. Spray, C.B. Huddleston, L.M. Nogee, A. August.
Lung transplantation for treatment of infants with surfactant protein B deficiency.
J Ped, 130 (1997), pp. 231-239
[16.]
G. Kurland.
Pediatric lung transplantation: indications and contraindications.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 8 (1996), pp. 277-285
[17.]
E. Friedman, A.R. Perez-Atayde, M. Silvera, R.A. Jonas.
Growth of tracheal anastomoses in lambs.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 100 (1990), pp. 188-193
[18.]
C.B. Huddleston.
Airway complications in children following lung transplantation.
The Transplantation and Replacement of Thoracic Organs, pp. 581-588
[19.]
T.M. Egan, J.H. Westerman, C.J. Lambert, F.C. Detterback, J.T. Thompson, M.R. Mill.
Isolated lung transplantation for end-stage lung disease: a viable therapy.
Ann Thorac Surg, 53 (1992), pp. 590-596
[20.]
J-P. Couetil, A. Achkar, P. Chevalier, D. Couimet, A. Buinvarch, J. Gaer.
Split lung with bilateral lobar transplantation: a two year experience.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 14 (1995), pp. 60
[21.]
D. Mullins, M. Livne, G.B. Mallory, J.S. Kemp.
A new technique for transbronchial biopsy in infants and small children.
Ped Pulmon, 20 (1995), pp. 253-257
[22.]
G.A. Patterson, J.D. Cooper, J.H. Dark, M.T. Jones.
Experimental and clinical double lung transplantation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 95 (1988), pp. 70-74
[23.]
J. Ramirez, G.A. Patterson.
Airway complications after lung transplantation.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 4 (1992), pp. 147-153
[24.]
C.B. Huddleston, T.L. Spray, G.B. Mallory.
Airway complications following pediatric lung transplant.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 14 (1995), pp. 60
[25.]
J.D. Cooper, F.G. Pearson, G.A. Patterson, T.R. Todd, R.J. Ginsberg, M. Goldberg.
Use of silicone stents in the management of airway problems.
Ann Thorac Surg, 47 (1989), pp. 371-378
[26.]
H.J. Schafers, C.M. Schafer, C. Zink, A. Haverich, H.G. Borst.
Surgicaltreatment of airway complications after lung transplantation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 107 (1994), pp. 1476-1480
[27.]
R.D.B. Jaquiss, C.B. Huddleston, T.L. Spray.
Use of aprotinin in pediatric lung transplantation.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 14 (1995), pp. 302-307
[28.]
P.H. Sheridan, A. Cheriyan, J. Doud, S.E. Dornseif, A. Montoya, J. Houck.
Incidence of phrenic neuropathy after isolated lung transplantation.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 14 (1995), pp. 684-691
[29.]
Gandhi SK, Bromberg BI, Mallory GB, Huddleston CB. Atrial flutter-a newly recognized complication of pediatric lung transplantation.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. En prensa.
[30.]
Gandhi SK, Bromberg BI, Schuessler RB, Boineau JP, Cox JL, Huddleston CB. Left sided atrial flutter-characterization of a novel complication of pediatric lung transplantation in an acute canine model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. En prensa.
[31.]
S. Sundaresan, E.P. Trulock, T. Mohanakumar, J.D. Cooper, G.A. Patterson.
Prevalence and outcome of bronchiolitis syndrome after lung transplantation.
Ann Thorac Surg, 60 (1995), pp. 1341-1346
[32.]
R.C. Walker, C.V. Paya, W.F. Marshall, J.G. Strickler, R.H. Weisner, J.A. Velosa.
Pretransplantation sero-negative Epstein-Barr virus status is the primary risk factor for post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease in adult heart, lung and other solid organ transplantation.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 14 (1995), pp. 214-221
[33.]
L.J. Swinnen, G.M. Mullen, T.J. Carr, M.R. Costanzo, R.I. Fisher.
Aggressive treatment for postcardiac transplant lymphoproliferation.
Blood, 86 (1995), pp. 3333-3340
[34.]
V.A. Morrison, D.L. Dunn, J.C. Manivel, K.J. Gajl-Peczalska, B.A. Peterson.
Clinical characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.
Am J Med, 97 (1994), pp. 14-24
[35.]
E.B. Papadopoulos, M. Ladanyi, D. Emanuel, S. Mackinnon, F. Boulad, M.H. Carabasi.
Infusions of donor leukocytes to treat Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
N Engl J Med, 330 (1994), pp. 1185-1191
[36.]
K.H. Rand, R.B. Pollard, T.C. Merigan.
Increased pulmonary superinfections cardiac transplant recipients undergoing primary cytomegalovirus infection.
N Engl J Med, 298 (1987), pp. 951-953
[37.]
C.B. Huddleston, S.C. Sweet, G.B. Mallory, A. Hamvas, E.N. Mendeloff.
transplantation in very young infants.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 118 (1999), pp. 796-804
[38.]
A.A. Hislop, N.J. Odom, C.G.A. McGregor, S.G. Haworth.
Growth potential of the immature transplanted lung: an experimental study.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 100 (1990), pp. 360-370
[39.]
J.A. Kern, C.G. Tribble, T.L. Flanagan, B.B.K. Chan, W.W. Scott, D.C. Cassada.
Growth potential of porcine reduced-size mature pulmonary lobar transplants.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 104 (1992), pp. 1329-1332
Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?