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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han efectuado aproximadamente 700 trasplantes en ni&#241;os menores de 18 a&#241;os de edad en todo el mundo&#59; en cambio&#44; se han efectuado m&#225;s de 11&#46;000 en adultos&#46; El principal grupo diagn&#243;stico es el de fibrosis qu&#237;stica&#46; Un grupo emergente de pacientes est&#225; constituido por los ni&#241;os que nacen con enfermedades pulmonares de base cong&#233;nita&#44; como la deficiencia de la prote&#237;na B del surfactante&#46; La supervivencia de los ni&#241;os es muy similar a la observada en adultos&#44; aunque&#44; por lo general&#44; los ni&#241;os pertenecen a una clase de riesgo m&#225;s elevado&#46; Por ejemplo&#44; no hay ni&#241;os que hayan sido sometidos a trasplante por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;un grupo diagn&#243;stico de bajo riesgo&#41;&#44; en tanto que dicho diagn&#243;stico comprende alrededor del 40 &#37; de todos los adultos sometidosa trasplante de pulm&#243;n&#46; La inmunosupresi&#243;n consiste por lo general en ciclosporina&#44; azatioprina y prednisona&#46; Las complicaciones postrasplante son similares a las observadas en adultos&#46; Alrededor del 40 &#37; de los pacientes desarrollan una bronquiolitis obliterante hacia los 3 a&#241;os postrasplante y ello sigue constituyendo el principal impedimento para la supervivencia largo plazo&#46; La escasez de donantes tambi&#233;n es un obst&#225;culo significativo&#44; sobre todo en el grupo de pacientes adolescentes&#46; Como soluci&#243;n parcial a dicho problema&#44; el trasplante pulmonar de donante vivo ha asumido mayor trascendencia en el programa&#46; Aunque es una estrategia terap&#233;utica compleja y costosa&#44; el trasplante pulmonar sigue siendo el tratamiento m&#225;s eficaz de las neumopat&#237;as parenquimatosas y vasculares en estadios terminales&#44; incluso en los ni&#241;os de menor edad&#46;</p>"
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Trasplante pulmonar pediátrico
Pediatric lung transplantation
C.B. Huddlestona,
Autor para correspondencia
huddlestonc@msnotes.wustl.edu

Correspondencia: Children's Place, Suite 5550. Children's Hospital. St. Louis, MO USA 63110.
, E. Mendeloffa, G.B. Malloryb
a Division of Cardiothoracic Surgey. Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Estados Unidos.
b Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, Londres, Inglaterra.
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han efectuado aproximadamente 700 trasplantes en ni&#241;os menores de 18 a&#241;os de edad en todo el mundo&#59; en cambio&#44; se han efectuado m&#225;s de 11&#46;000 en adultos&#46; El principal grupo diagn&#243;stico es el de fibrosis qu&#237;stica&#46; Un grupo emergente de pacientes est&#225; constituido por los ni&#241;os que nacen con enfermedades pulmonares de base cong&#233;nita&#44; como la deficiencia de la prote&#237;na B del surfactante&#46; La supervivencia de los ni&#241;os es muy similar a la observada en adultos&#44; aunque&#44; por lo general&#44; los ni&#241;os pertenecen a una clase de riesgo m&#225;s elevado&#46; Por ejemplo&#44; no hay ni&#241;os que hayan sido sometidos a trasplante por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;un grupo diagn&#243;stico de bajo riesgo&#41;&#44; en tanto que dicho diagn&#243;stico comprende alrededor del 40 &#37; de todos los adultos sometidosa trasplante de pulm&#243;n&#46; La inmunosupresi&#243;n consiste por lo general en ciclosporina&#44; azatioprina y prednisona&#46; Las complicaciones postrasplante son similares a las observadas en adultos&#46; Alrededor del 40 &#37; de los pacientes desarrollan una bronquiolitis obliterante hacia los 3 a&#241;os postrasplante y ello sigue constituyendo el principal impedimento para la supervivencia largo plazo&#46; La escasez de donantes tambi&#233;n es un obst&#225;culo significativo&#44; sobre todo en el grupo de pacientes adolescentes&#46; Como soluci&#243;n parcial a dicho problema&#44; el trasplante pulmonar de donante vivo ha asumido mayor trascendencia en el programa&#46; Aunque es una estrategia terap&#233;utica compleja y costosa&#44; el trasplante pulmonar sigue siendo el tratamiento m&#225;s eficaz de las neumopat&#237;as parenquimatosas y vasculares en estadios terminales&#44; incluso en los ni&#241;os de menor edad&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Approximately 700 transplants world-wide have been performed in patients aged less than 18 years&#59; in contrast&#44; over 11&#44;000 lung transplants have been performed in adults&#46; The major diagnostic group is cystic fibrosis&#46; An emerging group of patients are infants born with congenitally based pulmonary diseases such as surfactant protein B deficiency&#46; Survival in children is very similar to that in adults&#44; although it is generally perceived that children are at higher risk&#46; For instance&#44; no children have been transplanted for chronic obstructive lung disease &#40;a low-risk diagnostic group&#41; while this disease comprises approximately 40 &#37; of all adult lung transplantations&#46; Immunosuppression generally consists of cyclosporine&#44; azathioprine and prednisone&#46; Post-transplant complications in children are similar to those observed in adults&#46; Around 40 &#37; of patients will develop bronchiolitis obliterans approximately 3 years after transplantation and this remains the major impediment to long term survival&#46; Donor shortage is also a significant obstacle&#44; especially in adolescents&#46; As a partial solution to this problem&#44; living donor lung transplantation has taken on a greater role in our program&#46; Although this is a complex&#44; expensive treatment strategy&#44; lung transplantation remains the most effective therapy for end-stage pulmonary parenchymal and vascular diseases even in children&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 16954033
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