Información de la revista
Vol. 57. Núm. 2.
Páginas 163-169 (agosto 2002)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 57. Núm. 2.
Páginas 163-169 (agosto 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Perfil de ácidos grasos a los dos meses de vida en niños alimentados con lactancia materna frente a varias fórmulas artificiales disponibles comercialmente en España
The influence of human milk and various artificial formulae commercially available in spain on the fatty acid status of infants in the first two months of life
Visitas
9831
J. Benito Fernándeza, J.I. Ruiz Sanza, L. Aquino Fariñaa, J.I. Pijoán Zubizarretb, M. Sasieta Altunac, P. Sanjurjo Crespoa,
Autor para correspondencia
psanjurjo@hcru.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Unidad de Metabolismo Infantil. Hospital de Cruces. Pl. de Cruces, s/n. 48903 Baracaldo. Vizcaya. España
a Unidades de Metabolismo Infantil Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya. España
b Unidades de Epidemiología Clínica Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya. España
c Unidades de Laboratorio Pediátrico de Bioquímica. Departamento de Pediatría Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Objetivo

Valorar los cambios en la composición de ácidos grasos en fosfolípidos de membrana del hematíe, en niños alimentados mediante lactancia materna frente a diferentes fórmulas lácteas artificiales (convencional, leche suplementada con v-3, leche suplementada con v-3 y v-6 y leche suplementada con nucleótidos).

Material y métodos

Se estudiaron 37 niños sanos, nacidos a término. Los niños se repartieron en 5 grupos, atendiendo a los diferentes tipos de lactancia. A los 7 y 60 días de vida se obtuvo la medida de 4 parámetros antropométricos: peso, talla, perímetro cefálico y perímetro braquial y se analizó la composición en ácidos grasos de fosfatidilcolina y fosfatidiletanolamina, en la membrana del hematíe.

Resultados

Las variables antropométricas estudiadas no mostraron diferencia alguna. La concentración de ácido araquidónico (C20:4 v-6) a los 60 días de vida en fosfatidilcolina fue inferior en las fórmulas artificiales no suplementadas con ácidos grasos v-6, en relación a la leche materna (4,03, 3,68 y 5,15 frente a 7,20/100 g de ácidos grasos). La concentración de ácido docosahexaenoico (C22:6 v-3), en fosfatidilcolina y fosfatidiletanolamina fue claramente inferior en el grupo de niños alimentados con leche artificial no suplementada con ácidos grasos v-3, en relación a la leche materna (fosfatidilcolina, 0,72 frente a 2,82/100 g de ácidos grasos; fosfatidiletanolamina, 5,15 frente a 7,73/100 g de ácidos grasos).

Conclusiones

Este estudio, realizado con todas las fórmulas artificiales con posible influencia en el perfil de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (LCP) existentes en el mercado español, pone de manifiesto la diferente riqueza en ciertos ácidos grasos, en los fosfolípidos de la membrana del hematíe, de los niños alimentados con lactancia materna y las diferentes fórmulas lácteas. Este hecho refleja que los niveles de estos ácidos grasos son en gran parte dependientes de la oferta dietética de los mismos.

Palabras clave:
Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados
Lactancia materna
Fosfolípidos de membrana eritrocitarios
Ácido araquidónico
Ácido docosahexanoico
Objective

To evaluate changes in the fatty acid composition of red blood cell phospholipids in breast-fed infants compared with those in infants fed with different formulas (conventional, v-6-enriched formula, v-6- and v-3-enriched formula and nucleotide-enriched formula).

Methods

Thirty-seven healthy term infants were randomly assigned to one of five different feeding groups. Weight, length, head circumference, and arm circumference were assessed at 7 and 60 days of age. The fatty acid composition of the infants' red blood cell phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed at these ages.

Results

The anthropometric variables studied showed no changes among the different groups. At 60 days old, arachidonic acid concentration (20:4 v-6) was lower in non-v-6 enriched formula-fed groups compared with that in the breast-milk fed group (4.03, 3.68 and 5.15 vs 7.20 g/100 g of fatty acids). Docosahexaenoic acid concentration (22:6v-3) in both PC and PE clearly decreased in the non-v-3 formula-fed groups compared with that in the breast-milk fed group (PC: 0.72 vs 2.82 g/100 g of fatty acids and PE: 5.15 vs 7.73 g/100 g of fatty acids).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates differences in the fatty acid composition of red blood cell phospholipids between breast-milk fed infants and those fed with any of the artificial formulas available on the Spanish market. These data provide evidence of the influence of diet on certain essential fatty acids in the body.

Key words:
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Breast feeding
Red blood cell phospholipids
Arachidonic acid
Docosahexanoic acid
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Biblografía
[1.]
S.E. Carlson, J.D. Carver, S.G. House.
High-fat diets varying in ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids and linoleic to linolenic acids: A comparison of rat neural and red cell membrane phospholipids.
J Nutr, 116 (1986), pp. 718-725
[2.]
J.C. Putnam, S.E. Carlson, P.W. De Voe, L.A. Barness.
The effects of variations in dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcoline and phosphatidylethanolamine in human infants.
Am J Clin Nutr, 36 (1982), pp. 106-114
[3.]
S.E. Carlson, P.J. Rhodes, M.G. Ferguson.
Docoexanoic acid status of preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk or formula.
Am J Clin Nutr, 44 (1986), pp. 798-804
[4.]
B. Koletzko, E. Schmidt, H.J. Bremer, M. Haug, G. Harzer.
Effects of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the essential fatty acids status in premature infants.
Eur J Pediatr, 148 (1989), pp. 669-675
[5.]
S.E. Carlson, P.G. Rhodes, V.S. Rao, D.E. Goldgar.
Effect of fish oil supplementation on the v-3 fatty acid content of red blood cell membranes in preterm infants.
Pediatr Res, 21 (1987), pp. 507-510
[6.]
S.E. Carlson.
Dietary fatty acids in relation to neural development in humans.
Dietary v-3 and v-6 Fatty Acids. Biological Effects and Nutritional Essentiality, pp. 135-146
[7.]
R.D. Uauy, D.G. Birch, E.E. Birch, J.E. Tyson, D.R. Hoffman.
Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on retinal function of very-lowbirth-weight neonates.
Pediatr Res, 28 (1990), pp. 485-492
[8.]
E.E. Birch, D.G. Birch, D.R. Hoffman, R. Uauy.
Dietary essential fatty acid supply and visual acuity development.
Inv Ophtalm and Vis Sci, 33 (1992), pp. 3242-3253
[9.]
R.D. Uauy.
Are 3 fatty acids required for normal eye and brain development in the human?.
J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr, 11 (1990), pp. 296-303
[10.]
J. Folch, M. Lees, R.E. Sloane-Stanley.
A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues.
J Biol Chem, 226 (1957), pp. 497
[11.]
G. Lepage, C.C. Roy.
Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one step reaction.
J Lipid Res, 27 (1986), pp. 114-120
[12.]
C. De Lucchi, M.L. Pita, M.J. Faus, J.A. Molina, R. Uauy, A. Gil.
Effects of dietary nucleotides on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in term infants.
J Ped Gastoenterol Nutr, 6 (1987), pp. 568-574
[13.]
S.E. Carlson, R.J. Cooke, P.G. Rhodes, J.M. Peeples, S.H. Werkman.
Effect of vegetable and marine oils in preterm infant formulas on blood arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids.
J Pediatr, 120 (1992), pp. S159-S167
[14.]
A. Gil, E. Lozano, C. De-Lucchi, J. Maldonado, J.A. Molina, M. Pita.
Changes in fatty acid profiles of plasma lipid fractions induced by dietary nucleotides in infants born at term.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 42 (1988), pp. 473-481
[15.]
S.M. Innis, C.M. Nelson, M.F. Rioux, D.J. King.
Development of visual acuity in relation to plasma and erythrocyte v-6 and v-3 fatty acids in healthy term gestation infants.
Am J Clin Nutr, 60 (1994), pp. 347-352
[16.]
G. Khon, G. Sawatzki, J.P. Van Biervliet, M. Rosseneu.
Dietary influence on the time course of the essential fatty acid status of term infants after birth.
Recent Advances in Infant Feeding, pp. 33-43
[17.]
T. Decsi, B. Koletzko.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant nutrition.
Acta Paediatr, S395 (1994), pp. 31-37
[18.]
R.G. Ackman.
Sources of v-3 fatty acids.
Fish, fish oil and human health. Munchen,
[19.]
S.M. Innis.
Essential fatty acids in growth and development.
Prog Lipid Res, 30 (1991), pp. 39-103
[20.]
S.E. Carlson, N. Salem.
Essentiality of v-3 fatty acids in growth and development of infants.
Health effects of v-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sea foods. Rev Nutr Dietet, pp. 22-25
[21.]
J.E. Kinsella, B. Lokesh, R.A. Stone.
Dietary v-3 fatty acids and eicosanoids.
Am J Clin Nutr, 51 (1990), pp. 1-28
[22.]
Salem Njr.
Omega-3 fatty acids: Molecular and biochemical aspects.
pp. 188-190
[23.]
B. Koletzko, M. Mrotzek, H.J. Bremer.
Trans fatty acids in human milk and infant plasma and tissue.
Human Lactation. Vol. 3. Effect of human milk on the recipient infant, pp. 323-333
[24.]
S.E. Carlson, R.J. Cooke, P.G. Rhodes, J.M. Peeples, S.H. Werkman, E. Tolley.
Long-term feeding of formulas high in linoleic acid and marine oil to very-low-birth-weight infants: Phospholipid fatty acids.
Pediatr Res, 30 (1991), pp. 404-412
[25.]
K. Ghebremeskel, M. Leighfield.
Infant brain lipids and diet.
Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 1093-1094
[26.]
B. Koletzko, M. Braun.
Arachidonic acid and early human growth. Is there a relation?.
Ann Nutr Metab, 35 (1991), pp. 128-131
[27.]
M. Makrides, M. Neumann, R.B. Byard, K. Simmer, R.A. Gibson.
Fatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast-and formula-fed infants.
Am J Clin Nutr, 60 (1994), pp. 189-194
[28.]
S.E. Carlson, A.J. Ford, S.H. Werkman, J.M. Peeples.
Koo WWK. Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin.
Pediatr Res, 39 (1996), pp. 882-888
[29.]
N. Auestad, M.B. Montalto, R.E. Wheeler, K.R. Fitzgerald, R.T. Hall, M. Neuringer, et al.
Visual acuity, RBC fatty acids and growth in term infants fed formulas with and without long chain polynsaturated fatty acids (LCP).
Pediatr Res, 37 (1995), pp. 302A
[30.]
J.S. Janowsky, D.T. Scott, R.E. Wheeler, N. Auestad.
Fatty acids affect early language development.
Pediatr Res, 37 (1995), pp. 310A
Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?