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Vol. 57. Núm. 2.
Páginas 163-169 (agosto 2002)
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Vol. 57. Núm. 2.
Páginas 163-169 (agosto 2002)
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Perfil de ácidos grasos a los dos meses de vida en niños alimentados con lactancia materna frente a varias fórmulas artificiales disponibles comercialmente en España
The influence of human milk and various artificial formulae commercially available in spain on the fatty acid status of infants in the first two months of life
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J. Benito Fernándeza, J.I. Ruiz Sanza, L. Aquino Fariñaa, J.I. Pijoán Zubizarretb, M. Sasieta Altunac, P. Sanjurjo Crespoa,
Autor para correspondencia
psanjurjo@hcru.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Unidad de Metabolismo Infantil. Hospital de Cruces. Pl. de Cruces, s/n. 48903 Baracaldo. Vizcaya. España
a Unidades de Metabolismo Infantil Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya. España
b Unidades de Epidemiología Clínica Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya. España
c Unidades de Laboratorio Pediátrico de Bioquímica. Departamento de Pediatría Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya. España
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Objetivo

Valorar los cambios en la composición de ácidos grasos en fosfolípidos de membrana del hematíe, en niños alimentados mediante lactancia materna frente a diferentes fórmulas lácteas artificiales (convencional, leche suplementada con v-3, leche suplementada con v-3 y v-6 y leche suplementada con nucleótidos).

Material y métodos

Se estudiaron 37 niños sanos, nacidos a término. Los niños se repartieron en 5 grupos, atendiendo a los diferentes tipos de lactancia. A los 7 y 60 días de vida se obtuvo la medida de 4 parámetros antropométricos: peso, talla, perímetro cefálico y perímetro braquial y se analizó la composición en ácidos grasos de fosfatidilcolina y fosfatidiletanolamina, en la membrana del hematíe.

Resultados

Las variables antropométricas estudiadas no mostraron diferencia alguna. La concentración de ácido araquidónico (C20:4 v-6) a los 60 días de vida en fosfatidilcolina fue inferior en las fórmulas artificiales no suplementadas con ácidos grasos v-6, en relación a la leche materna (4,03, 3,68 y 5,15 frente a 7,20/100 g de ácidos grasos). La concentración de ácido docosahexaenoico (C22:6 v-3), en fosfatidilcolina y fosfatidiletanolamina fue claramente inferior en el grupo de niños alimentados con leche artificial no suplementada con ácidos grasos v-3, en relación a la leche materna (fosfatidilcolina, 0,72 frente a 2,82/100 g de ácidos grasos; fosfatidiletanolamina, 5,15 frente a 7,73/100 g de ácidos grasos).

Conclusiones

Este estudio, realizado con todas las fórmulas artificiales con posible influencia en el perfil de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (LCP) existentes en el mercado español, pone de manifiesto la diferente riqueza en ciertos ácidos grasos, en los fosfolípidos de la membrana del hematíe, de los niños alimentados con lactancia materna y las diferentes fórmulas lácteas. Este hecho refleja que los niveles de estos ácidos grasos son en gran parte dependientes de la oferta dietética de los mismos.

Palabras clave:
Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados
Lactancia materna
Fosfolípidos de membrana eritrocitarios
Ácido araquidónico
Ácido docosahexanoico
Objective

To evaluate changes in the fatty acid composition of red blood cell phospholipids in breast-fed infants compared with those in infants fed with different formulas (conventional, v-6-enriched formula, v-6- and v-3-enriched formula and nucleotide-enriched formula).

Methods

Thirty-seven healthy term infants were randomly assigned to one of five different feeding groups. Weight, length, head circumference, and arm circumference were assessed at 7 and 60 days of age. The fatty acid composition of the infants' red blood cell phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed at these ages.

Results

The anthropometric variables studied showed no changes among the different groups. At 60 days old, arachidonic acid concentration (20:4 v-6) was lower in non-v-6 enriched formula-fed groups compared with that in the breast-milk fed group (4.03, 3.68 and 5.15 vs 7.20 g/100 g of fatty acids). Docosahexaenoic acid concentration (22:6v-3) in both PC and PE clearly decreased in the non-v-3 formula-fed groups compared with that in the breast-milk fed group (PC: 0.72 vs 2.82 g/100 g of fatty acids and PE: 5.15 vs 7.73 g/100 g of fatty acids).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates differences in the fatty acid composition of red blood cell phospholipids between breast-milk fed infants and those fed with any of the artificial formulas available on the Spanish market. These data provide evidence of the influence of diet on certain essential fatty acids in the body.

Key words:
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Breast feeding
Red blood cell phospholipids
Arachidonic acid
Docosahexanoic acid
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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