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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La neuropat&#237;a auditiva constituye un tipo de hipoacusia neurosensorial en la que se produce una alteraci&#243;n importante de la comprensi&#243;n del lenguaje&#46; Desde el punto de vista etiol&#243;gico se ha relacionado con la hipoxia&#44; la hiperbilirrubinemia&#44; trastornos metab&#243;licos o enfermedades degenerativas que afectan la v&#237;a auditiva&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presentan 5 ni&#241;os afectados de esta enfermedad que fueron remitidos para estudio otorrinolaringol&#243;gico&#44; 2 casos por no superar el cribado auditivo neonatal&#44; 1 ni&#241;o por antecedentes de hipoxia perinatal y en los 2 ni&#241;os de mayor edad &#40;7 y 9 a&#241;os&#41; por retraso escolar y alteraciones en el lenguaje&#46; Se realiz&#243; exploraci&#243;n audiol&#243;gica en todos los ni&#241;os con potenciales auditivos de tronco cerebral&#44; otoemisiones ac&#250;sticas evocadas por click&#44; estudio del reflejo estapedial&#44; timpanometr&#237;a&#44; audiometr&#237;a tonal liminal o reflejo de orientaci&#243;n condicionado&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tras el diagn&#243;stico se realiz&#243; el seguimiento audiol&#243;gico durante 3 a&#241;os consecutivos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En todos los ni&#241;os&#44; el timpanograma fue normal&#44; el reflejo estapedial estaba ausente&#44; las otoemisiones eran normales y los potenciales auditivos de tronco cerebral estaban ausentes con est&#237;mulos de intensidad de 80-90 dB&#46; Los potenciales de latencia media&#44; corticales y cognitivos fueron normales en el &#250;nico ni&#241;o &#40;el de 9 a&#241;os&#41; en el que se pudieron realizar&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La discriminaci&#243;n verbal &#40;en los pacientes de 7 y 9 a&#241;os&#41; se encontraba por debajo de los valores normales para su edad&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos presentaban por audiometr&#237;a una hipoacusia bilateral de grado leve-moderado que no se modific&#243; durante el seguimiento&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La neuropat&#237;a auditiva es un proceso detectable con el uso combinado de las t&#233;cnicas empleadas en el cribado auditivo neonatal&#44; potenciales auditivos de tronco cerebral y otoemisiones ac&#250;sticas&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El inter&#233;s de la detecci&#243;n y diagn&#243;stico precoces radica en el claro beneficio que supone para el desarrollo del lenguaje la instauraci&#243;n temprana del tratamiento y rehabilitaci&#243;n en estos ni&#241;os&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Auditory neuropathy is a type of neurosensorial hypoacusis that produces significant impairment in language comprehension&#46; Etiologically&#44; this neuropathy has been related to perinatal hypoxia&#44; hyperbilirubinemia&#44; metabolic disorders and degenerative entities that affect the auditory pathway&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We report five children with this disorder&#46; Two of the children were referred for otorhinolaryngeal assessment after failing the neonatal hearing screening and one was referred because of a history of perinatal hypoxia&#46; The two eldest children were referred because of schooling problems and language impairment&#46; In all the children&#44; auditory brainstem response&#44; otoacoustic emissions&#44; tympanometry stapedius reflex were examined and liminal and condition-orientation reflex audiometry were performed&#46; After diagnosis&#44; the children were followed-up for 3 consecutive years&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In all five children&#44; tympanogram and otoacoustic emissions were normal&#46; The stapedius reflex and auditory brainstem responses with 80-90 dB stimuli were absent&#46; Medium latency and cortical and cognitive potentials were normal in the only child &#40;aged 9 years&#41; in whom they could be performed&#46; In two children &#40;aged 7 and 9 years&#41;&#44; verbal discrimination was within the normal range for their age&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In all the children&#44; audiometry revealed bilateral mildto- moderate hypacusia&#44; which did not change during follow up&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Auditory neuropathy can be detected by the combined use of neonatal hearing screening techniques&#44; auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emissions&#46; Interest in the early identification and diagnosis of this disorder is due to the clear benefit to language development secondary to the early treatment and rehabilitation of these children&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 53. Núm. 5.
Páginas 399-404 (noviembre 2000)
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Vol. 53. Núm. 5.
Páginas 399-404 (noviembre 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Neuropatía auditiva
Auditory neuropathy
Visitas
9507
M.C. Tapiaa, A. Almenar Latorreb,
Autor para correspondencia
almenarlatorre@eresmas.com

Correspondencia: C/ Serrano Anguita, 7, 1.° CD. 28004 Madrid.
, M. Lirolaa, M. Moro Serranob
a Servicios de Otorrinolaringología
b Neonatología. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Introducción

La neuropatía auditiva constituye un tipo de hipoacusia neurosensorial en la que se produce una alteración importante de la comprensión del lenguaje. Desde el punto de vista etiológico se ha relacionado con la hipoxia, la hiperbilirrubinemia, trastornos metabólicos o enfermedades degenerativas que afectan la vía auditiva.

Pacientes y métodos

Se presentan 5 niños afectados de esta enfermedad que fueron remitidos para estudio otorrinolaringológico, 2 casos por no superar el cribado auditivo neonatal, 1 niño por antecedentes de hipoxia perinatal y en los 2 niños de mayor edad (7 y 9 años) por retraso escolar y alteraciones en el lenguaje. Se realizó exploración audiológica en todos los niños con potenciales auditivos de tronco cerebral, otoemisiones acústicas evocadas por click, estudio del reflejo estapedial, timpanometría, audiometría tonal liminal o reflejo de orientación condicionado.

Tras el diagnóstico se realizó el seguimiento audiológico durante 3 años consecutivos.

Resultados

En todos los niños, el timpanograma fue normal, el reflejo estapedial estaba ausente, las otoemisiones eran normales y los potenciales auditivos de tronco cerebral estaban ausentes con estímulos de intensidad de 80-90 dB. Los potenciales de latencia media, corticales y cognitivos fueron normales en el único niño (el de 9 años) en el que se pudieron realizar.

La discriminación verbal (en los pacientes de 7 y 9 años) se encontraba por debajo de los valores normales para su edad.

Todos presentaban por audiometría una hipoacusia bilateral de grado leve-moderado que no se modificó durante el seguimiento.

Conclusiones

La neuropatía auditiva es un proceso detectable con el uso combinado de las técnicas empleadas en el cribado auditivo neonatal, potenciales auditivos de tronco cerebral y otoemisiones acústicas.

El interés de la detección y diagnóstico precoces radica en el claro beneficio que supone para el desarrollo del lenguaje la instauración temprana del tratamiento y rehabilitación en estos niños.

Palabras clave:
Neuropatía auditiva
Hipoacusia
Potenciales auditivos acústicos de tronco cerebral
Otoemisiones acústicas evocadas
Abstract
Introduction

Auditory neuropathy is a type of neurosensorial hypoacusis that produces significant impairment in language comprehension. Etiologically, this neuropathy has been related to perinatal hypoxia, hyperbilirubinemia, metabolic disorders and degenerative entities that affect the auditory pathway.

Patients and methods

We report five children with this disorder. Two of the children were referred for otorhinolaryngeal assessment after failing the neonatal hearing screening and one was referred because of a history of perinatal hypoxia. The two eldest children were referred because of schooling problems and language impairment. In all the children, auditory brainstem response, otoacoustic emissions, tympanometry stapedius reflex were examined and liminal and condition-orientation reflex audiometry were performed. After diagnosis, the children were followed-up for 3 consecutive years.

Results

In all five children, tympanogram and otoacoustic emissions were normal. The stapedius reflex and auditory brainstem responses with 80-90 dB stimuli were absent. Medium latency and cortical and cognitive potentials were normal in the only child (aged 9 years) in whom they could be performed. In two children (aged 7 and 9 years), verbal discrimination was within the normal range for their age.

In all the children, audiometry revealed bilateral mildto- moderate hypacusia, which did not change during follow up.

Conclusions

Auditory neuropathy can be detected by the combined use of neonatal hearing screening techniques, auditory brainstem responses and otoacoustic emissions. Interest in the early identification and diagnosis of this disorder is due to the clear benefit to language development secondary to the early treatment and rehabilitation of these children.

Key words:
Auditory neuropathy
Hearing loss
Auditory brainstem responses
Otoacoustic emissions
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
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Copyright © 2000. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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