Información del artículo
Objetivo
Divulgar entre los pediatras los factores de riesgo asociados a los linfomas no hodgkinianos (LNH) durante las épocas pediátrica y adulta.
MétodosRevisión bibliográfica de los últimos 25 años obtenida principalmente del Medline, IAR Cancer y Cancerlit, sobre los factores de riesgo para los LNH.
Se han seleccionado los trabajos más interesantes y de sus referencias se han recuperado los más relevantes de los años previos a la búsqueda.
ResultadosLos diversos factores de riesgo asociados con mayor o menor consistencia al desarrollo de LNH son los siguientes: nivel socioeconómico, factores familiares, déficit inmunológicos, infecciones virales y bacterianas, vacunas y medicamentos, radiaciones, ocupaciones profesionales, exposiciones a animales, factores dietéticos y otros factores relacionados con el estilo de vida.
ConclusionesLa etiología de la mayoría de los LNH es desconocida. Los factores de riesgo convincentemente asociados a un mayor riesgo de LNH son: a) inmunodeficiencias congénitas y adquiridas; b) infecciones virales (virus de la leucemia humana T tipo I, virus de Epstein-Barr [VEB] y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana [VIH]) y bacterianas (Helicobacter pylori); c) administración de difenilhidantoína y quimioterapia antineoplásica, y d) exposiciones ocupacionales a pesticidas y solventes orgánicos.
Palabras clave:
Factores de riesgo
Linfomas no hodgkinianos
Inmunodeficiencias
Virus de Epstein-Barr
Objective
To divulge the risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in children and adults among pediatricians.
MethodsWe performed a literature review of articles published in the last 25 years through the Medline, IAR Cancer and Cancerlit databases. The search profile was “NHL risk factors”. The most interesting papers, as well as the most relevant articles cited and published more than 25 years prior to the search, were selected.
ResultsThe following risk factors for the development of NHL were reported with greater or lesser evidence: socioeconomic status, family factors, immunodeficiencies, bacterial and viral infections, vaccinations and drugs, radiation, occupational exposure, exposure to animals, diet, and lifestyle.
ConclusionsThe etiology of most NHLs is unknown. The most important risk factors are: a) congenital and acquired immunodeficiency; b) viral (human T-cell leukemia virus type-I, Epstein-Barr virus, AIDS virus), and bacterial (Helicobacter pylori) infections; c) therapy with diphenylhydantoin and antineoplastic drugs, and d) exposure to pesticides and organic solvents.
Key words:
Risk factors
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Immunodeficiencies
Epstein-Barr virus
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