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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Aicardi-Gouti&#232;res &#40;SAG&#41; es una enfermedad hereditaria rara cuya prevalencia exacta se desconoce&#46; Descrito en 1984&#44; por Jean Aicardi y Francoise Gouti&#232;res&#44; como una encefalopat&#237;a progresiva de aparici&#243;n durante los primeros meses de vida&#44; que cursa con linfocitosis en LCR y calcificaciones en los ganglios basales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Cursa con irritabilidad&#44; retraso psicomotor&#44; espasticidad&#44; diston&#237;a&#44; crisis comiciales&#44; episodios recurrentes de fiebre as&#233;ptica y microcefalia&#46; La mortalidad se encuentra aumentada en esta fase encefalop&#225;tica&#44; aunque t&#237;picamente la enfermedad tiende a estabilizarse tras su inicio dejando secuelas neurol&#243;gicas graves&#46; Otras manifestaciones caracter&#237;sticas que aparecen en su curso son las lesiones cut&#225;neas tipo saba&#241;&#243;n&#44; afectaci&#243;n oftalmol&#243;gica &#40;fundamentalmente glaucoma&#41;&#44; cardiaca o trastornos de la autoinmunidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; En la patogenia de este s&#237;ndrome resulta crucial el papel del interfer&#243;n tipo I&#44; cuya regulaci&#243;n se encuentra inducida y su producci&#243;n aumentada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Por ello uno de los hallazgos de laboratorio cl&#225;sicos del s&#237;ndrome es la determinaci&#243;n de niveles elevados de interfer&#243;n-alfa en l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo&#44; as&#237; como pleocitosis y niveles igualmente elevados de neopterina y biopterina&#46; Actualmente se est&#225; evaluando la utilidad como marcador biol&#243;gico de la expresi&#243;n de genes estimulados por interfer&#243;n en sangre perif&#233;rica&#44; ya que se ha demostrado que estos permanecen altos incluso tras la fase encefalop&#225;tica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;interferon signature&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#46; Otro hallazgo cardinal son las anomal&#237;as en la neuroimagen consistentes en calcificaci&#243;n de ganglios basales y cambios leucodistr&#243;ficos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura</a>&#41;&#46; A d&#237;a de hoy se conocen 7 genes cuyas mutaciones pueden derivar en una sobreestimulaci&#243;n de la v&#237;a del interfer&#243;n&#58; ADAR&#44; RNASEH2A&#44; RNASEH2B&#44; RNASEH2C&#44; SAMHD1&#44; TREX1 e IFIH1&#46; En el caso de TREX1&#44; ADAR e IFIH1 se han identificado mutaciones en heterocigosis y&#44; en el resto de genes&#44; todas las mutaciones descritas son en homocigosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El descubrimiento del gen IFIH1 es el m&#225;s reciente &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; por lo que representa la mutaci&#243;n gen&#233;tica patog&#233;nica menos frecuente mientras que a mutaciones en RNASEH2B y TREX1 se les adjudica la mayor proporci&#243;n de diagn&#243;sticos de SAG&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#44; gracias a los avances en gen&#233;tica que han permitido identificar las mutaciones espec&#237;ficas mencionadas&#44; se ha evidenciado una variabilidad fenot&#237;pica amplia m&#225;s all&#225; de la presentaci&#243;n m&#225;s cl&#225;sica en funci&#243;n de los genes implicados&#46; Presentamos los casos de 3 pacientes diagnosticados de SAG en los &#250;ltimos 8 a&#241;os&#44; con el fin de analizar diferentes atributos cl&#237;nicos seg&#250;n la gen&#233;tica responsable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla</a>&#41;&#46; De forma general&#44; los hallazgos caracter&#237;sticos del SAG son similares a los descritos en la &#250;ltima serie publicada&#58; presentaci&#243;n neonatal &#40;33&#37;&#41;&#44; microcefalia &#40;66&#37;&#41;&#44; retraso psicomotor &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; espasticidad &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; retraso mental grave &#40;66&#37;&#41; y calcificaciones en la TC de cr&#225;neo &#40;66&#37;&#41;&#44; sin embargo solo un caso asocia epilepsia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las mutaciones en homocigosis del gen RNASEH2B&#44; como se ha puntualizado anteriormente&#44; representan la variante patog&#233;nica m&#225;s frecuentemente responsable del SAG y su representaci&#243;n fenot&#237;pica suele ser la m&#225;s fiel a la presentaci&#243;n cl&#225;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; As&#237; ocurri&#243; en nuestro paciente portador de dicha mutaci&#243;n&#44; que inici&#243; a los 10 meses de edad un cuadro de irritabilidad y retraso psicomotor con neuroimagen y l&#237;quido-cefalorraqu&#237;deos caracter&#237;sticos de la enfermedad&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un 20&#37; de los casos de SAG pueden tener una presentaci&#243;n neonatal con un inicio intrauterino de la enfermedad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Mutaciones en cualquiera de los 7 genes pueden derivar en este fenotipo&#44; pero se ha visto m&#225;s frecuentemente asociado a la implicaci&#243;n del gen TREX<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; En su presentaci&#243;n inicial el cuadro se asemeja al de las infecciones TORCH con hepatoesplenomegalia&#44; hipertransaminasemia&#44; trombocitopenia y alteraciones neurol&#243;gicas que incluyen irritabilidad extrema&#44; trastornos del movimiento y crisis comiciales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Estos pacientes tienen un curso m&#225;s grave de la enfermedad con mayor riesgo de mortalidad&#46; Nuestra paciente diagnosticada de esta variante present&#243; un inicio neonatal de su enfermedad superponible al descrito y actualmente es la que mayor afectaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica presenta&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las mutaciones en ADAR1 y&#44; sobre todo&#44; IFIH1 son las que m&#225;s frecuentemente se asocian a inicio m&#225;s tard&#237;o de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; tras un primer a&#241;o de vida con desarrollo psicomotor normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; En algunos de estos casos el curso de la enfermedad es m&#225;s benigno y podr&#237;an conservar de forma limitada el lenguaje y la motricidad&#46; Nuestro paciente con mutaci&#243;n en IFIH1 tiene&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; la peculiaridad de contar con el diagn&#243;stico adicional de s&#237;ndrome de Singleton-Merten&#44; entidad rara caracterizada por displasia dental&#44; calcificaciones a&#243;rticas y osteoporosis&#44; y que tambi&#233;n es causada por una mutaci&#243;n del IFIH1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro objetivo es destacar la importancia de la variabilidad fenot&#237;pica en el SAG y su relaci&#243;n con mutaciones gen&#233;ticas espec&#237;ficas&#44; tanto para considerar el diagn&#243;stico en presentaciones que se desv&#237;en de la forma cl&#225;sica como para disponer de m&#225;s informaci&#243;n sobre la evoluci&#243;n y pron&#243;stico de nuestros pacientes&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alteraci&#243;n difusa y parcheada de la intensidad de se&#241;al de la sustancia blanca de ambos hemisferios cerebrales&#44; hiperintensa en secuencias potencias en T2&#46; Aumento de tama&#241;o del espacio subaracnoideo de predominio frontal y temporal bihemisf&#233;rico&#44; con apertura del espacio interhemisf&#233;rico&#44; y tama&#241;o ventricular aumentado &#40;sin tensi&#243;n&#41;&#44; compatible con atrofia cortical y subcortical&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gen&#233;tica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mutaci&#243;n en homocigosis &#40;p&#46;Ala177Thr&#41; en gen RNASEH2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mutaci&#243;n en homocigosis &#40;341 G&#62;A&#41; en el gen TREX1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mutaci&#243;n en heterocigosis &#40;c&#46;992 C&#62;G y p&#46;Thr331Arg&#41; gen IFIH1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad actual</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tres a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Siete a&#241;os y 4 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Doce a&#241;os y 11 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Femenino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origen</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ruman&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Espa&#241;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Italia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AP</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Semana 36&#58; CIR<br>Semana 37&#58; microcefalia&#44; calcificaciones placentarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Labio hendido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cl&#237;nica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad inicio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diez meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nacimiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Segundo a&#241;o de vida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ntomas de inicio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Irritabilidad<br>Regresi&#243;n psicomotora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tremulaciones&#44; hipoton&#237;a&#44; llanto d&#233;bil&#44; fallo de medro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Retraso motor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retraso PM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lenguaje&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bis&#237;labos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Microcefalia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saba&#241;ones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epilepsia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Afectaci&#243;n motora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tetraparesia esp&#225;stica&#46; GMFCS IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tetraparesia esp&#225;stica grave&#46; GMFCS V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tetraparesia esp&#225;stica&#46; GMFCS IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trastorno del movimiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Movimientos oculares anormales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#233;ficit visual&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Miop&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glaucoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ndrome de Singleton-Merten&#58; alteraciones dentarias<br>PNP sensitivo-motora axonal<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desmielinizante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Citoqu&#237;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Hiperproteinorraquia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pleocitosis e hiperproteinorraquia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;102 &#40;12-55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;813 &#40;12-55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biopterina &#40;nmol&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;22-73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;22-73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Niveles INF-alfa &#40;UI&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Interferon signature</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Calcificaciones en TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&#46; En SB profunda a nivel frontal y en n&#250;cleos lenticulares sim&#233;tricas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RM de cr&#225;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alteraci&#243;n difusa y parcheada de la intensidad de la SB de ambos hemisferios cerebrales&#44; hiperintensa en T2&#46; Hay afectaci&#243;n de la SB subcortical &#40;respetando las fibras U&#41; y periventricular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Carta científica
Síndrome de Aicardi-Goutières: espectro fenotípico y genético en una serie de 3 casos
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: Phenotypic and genetic spectrum in a series of three cases
Esther Eugenia Moreno Medinillaa,
Autor para correspondencia
esthermoreno84@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Macarena Villagrán Garcíab, María Dolores Mora Ramíreza, Rocío Calvo Medinaa, Jacinto Luis Martínez Antóna
a Sección de Neuropediatría, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Málaga, España
b Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
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afectaci&#243;n oftalmol&#243;gica &#40;fundamentalmente glaucoma&#41;&#44; cardiaca o trastornos de la autoinmunidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; En la patogenia de este s&#237;ndrome resulta crucial el papel del interfer&#243;n tipo I&#44; cuya regulaci&#243;n se encuentra inducida y su producci&#243;n aumentada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Por ello uno de los hallazgos de laboratorio cl&#225;sicos del s&#237;ndrome es la determinaci&#243;n de niveles elevados de interfer&#243;n-alfa en l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo&#44; as&#237; como pleocitosis y niveles igualmente elevados de neopterina y biopterina&#46; Actualmente se est&#225; evaluando la utilidad como marcador biol&#243;gico de la expresi&#243;n de genes estimulados por interfer&#243;n en sangre perif&#233;rica&#44; ya que se ha demostrado que estos permanecen altos incluso tras la fase encefalop&#225;tica <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;interferon signature&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#46; Otro hallazgo cardinal son las anomal&#237;as en la neuroimagen consistentes en calcificaci&#243;n de ganglios basales y cambios leucodistr&#243;ficos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura</a>&#41;&#46; A d&#237;a de hoy se conocen 7 genes cuyas mutaciones pueden derivar en una sobreestimulaci&#243;n de la v&#237;a del interfer&#243;n&#58; ADAR&#44; RNASEH2A&#44; RNASEH2B&#44; RNASEH2C&#44; SAMHD1&#44; TREX1 e IFIH1&#46; En el caso de TREX1&#44; ADAR e IFIH1 se han identificado mutaciones en heterocigosis y&#44; en el resto de genes&#44; todas las mutaciones descritas son en homocigosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El descubrimiento del gen IFIH1 es el m&#225;s reciente &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; por lo que representa la mutaci&#243;n gen&#233;tica patog&#233;nica menos frecuente mientras que a mutaciones en RNASEH2B y TREX1 se les adjudica la mayor proporci&#243;n de diagn&#243;sticos de SAG&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#44; gracias a los avances en gen&#233;tica que han permitido identificar las mutaciones espec&#237;ficas mencionadas&#44; se ha evidenciado una variabilidad fenot&#237;pica amplia m&#225;s all&#225; de la presentaci&#243;n m&#225;s cl&#225;sica en funci&#243;n de los genes implicados&#46; Presentamos los casos de 3 pacientes diagnosticados de SAG en los &#250;ltimos 8 a&#241;os&#44; con el fin de analizar diferentes atributos cl&#237;nicos seg&#250;n la gen&#233;tica responsable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla</a>&#41;&#46; De forma general&#44; los hallazgos caracter&#237;sticos del SAG son similares a los descritos en la &#250;ltima serie publicada&#58; presentaci&#243;n neonatal &#40;33&#37;&#41;&#44; microcefalia &#40;66&#37;&#41;&#44; retraso psicomotor &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; espasticidad &#40;100&#37;&#41;&#44; retraso mental grave &#40;66&#37;&#41; y calcificaciones en la TC de cr&#225;neo &#40;66&#37;&#41;&#44; sin embargo solo un caso asocia epilepsia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las mutaciones en homocigosis del gen RNASEH2B&#44; como se ha puntualizado anteriormente&#44; representan la variante patog&#233;nica m&#225;s frecuentemente responsable del SAG y su representaci&#243;n fenot&#237;pica suele ser la m&#225;s fiel a la presentaci&#243;n cl&#225;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; As&#237; ocurri&#243; en nuestro paciente portador de dicha mutaci&#243;n&#44; que inici&#243; a los 10 meses de edad un cuadro de irritabilidad y retraso psicomotor con neuroimagen y l&#237;quido-cefalorraqu&#237;deos caracter&#237;sticos de la enfermedad&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un 20&#37; de los casos de SAG pueden tener una presentaci&#243;n neonatal con un inicio intrauterino de la enfermedad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Mutaciones en cualquiera de los 7 genes pueden derivar en este fenotipo&#44; pero se ha visto m&#225;s frecuentemente asociado a la implicaci&#243;n del gen TREX<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; En su presentaci&#243;n inicial el cuadro se asemeja al de las infecciones TORCH con hepatoesplenomegalia&#44; hipertransaminasemia&#44; trombocitopenia y alteraciones neurol&#243;gicas que incluyen irritabilidad extrema&#44; trastornos del movimiento y crisis comiciales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Estos pacientes tienen un curso m&#225;s grave de la enfermedad con mayor riesgo de mortalidad&#46; Nuestra paciente diagnosticada de esta variante present&#243; un inicio neonatal de su enfermedad superponible al descrito y actualmente es la que mayor afectaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica presenta&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las mutaciones en ADAR1 y&#44; sobre todo&#44; IFIH1 son las que m&#225;s frecuentemente se asocian a inicio m&#225;s tard&#237;o de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; tras un primer a&#241;o de vida con desarrollo psicomotor normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; En algunos de estos casos el curso de la enfermedad es m&#225;s benigno y podr&#237;an conservar de forma limitada el lenguaje y la motricidad&#46; Nuestro paciente con mutaci&#243;n en IFIH1 tiene&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; la peculiaridad de contar con el diagn&#243;stico adicional de s&#237;ndrome de Singleton-Merten&#44; entidad rara caracterizada por displasia dental&#44; calcificaciones a&#243;rticas y osteoporosis&#44; y que tambi&#233;n es causada por una mutaci&#243;n del IFIH1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro objetivo es destacar la importancia de la variabilidad fenot&#237;pica en el SAG y su relaci&#243;n con mutaciones gen&#233;ticas espec&#237;ficas&#44; tanto para considerar el diagn&#243;stico en presentaciones que se desv&#237;en de la forma cl&#225;sica como para disponer de m&#225;s informaci&#243;n sobre la evoluci&#243;n y pron&#243;stico de nuestros pacientes&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alteraci&#243;n difusa y parcheada de la intensidad de se&#241;al de la sustancia blanca de ambos hemisferios cerebrales&#44; hiperintensa en secuencias potencias en T2&#46; Aumento de tama&#241;o del espacio subaracnoideo de predominio frontal y temporal bihemisf&#233;rico&#44; con apertura del espacio interhemisf&#233;rico&#44; y tama&#241;o ventricular aumentado &#40;sin tensi&#243;n&#41;&#44; compatible con atrofia cortical y subcortical&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caso 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gen&#233;tica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mutaci&#243;n en homocigosis &#40;p&#46;Ala177Thr&#41; en gen RNASEH2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mutaci&#243;n en homocigosis &#40;341 G&#62;A&#41; en el gen TREX1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mutaci&#243;n en heterocigosis &#40;c&#46;992 C&#62;G y p&#46;Thr331Arg&#41; gen IFIH1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad actual</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tres a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Siete a&#241;os y 4 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Doce a&#241;os y 11 meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Femenino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Masculino&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origen</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ruman&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Espa&#241;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Italia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AP</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Semana 36&#58; CIR<br>Semana 37&#58; microcefalia&#44; calcificaciones placentarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Labio hendido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cl&#237;nica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad inicio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diez meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Nacimiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Segundo a&#241;o de vida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ntomas de inicio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Irritabilidad<br>Regresi&#243;n psicomotora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tremulaciones&#44; hipoton&#237;a&#44; llanto d&#233;bil&#44; fallo de medro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Retraso motor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retraso PM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lenguaje&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Bis&#237;labos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Microcefalia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saba&#241;ones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epilepsia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Afectaci&#243;n motora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tetraparesia esp&#225;stica&#46; GMFCS IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tetraparesia esp&#225;stica grave&#46; GMFCS V&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tetraparesia esp&#225;stica&#46; GMFCS IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trastorno del movimiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Movimientos oculares anormales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#233;ficit visual&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Miop&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Glaucoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#233;ficit auditivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Afectaci&#243;n card&#237;aca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Insuficiencia tricusp&#237;dea y mitral leves&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Discapacidad intelectual&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&#44; grave&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&#44; leve&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;ndrome de Singleton-Merten&#58; alteraciones dentarias<br>PNP sensitivo-motora axonal<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desmielinizante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LCR</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Citoqu&#237;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Hiperproteinorraquia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Pleocitosis e hiperproteinorraquia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neopterina &#40;nmol&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;102 &#40;12-55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;813 &#40;12-55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biopterina &#40;nmol&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;22-73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;22-73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Niveles INF-alfa &#40;UI&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sangre</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Interferon signature</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Aumento de la expresi&#243;n del gen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neuroimagen</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Calcificaciones en TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&#46; En ganglios de la base y periventriculares&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#237;&#46; En SB profunda a nivel frontal y en n&#250;cleos lenticulares sim&#233;tricas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RM de cr&#225;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alteraci&#243;n difusa y parcheada de la intensidad de la SB de ambos hemisferios cerebrales&#44; hiperintensa en T2&#46; Hay afectaci&#243;n de la SB subcortical &#40;respetando las fibras U&#41; y periventricular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Alteraci&#243;n generalizada de la SB&#44; predomina afectaci&#243;n de la SB lobar incluidas las fibras U subcorticales de l&#243;bulos frontales&#44; temporales y occipitales&#44; bilaterales y sim&#233;tricas&#44; sin afectaci&#243;n de la corteza cerebral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 16954033
Idioma original: Español
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