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con posibilidad de ser trasladados a la UCIP cuando fuera preciso&#44; algo que ya se ven&#237;a haciendo en algunos centros europeos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#46; Describimos nuestra experiencia y resultados cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un hospital de segundo nivel de la Comunidad de Madrid&#44; de un total de 245 lactantes menores de 6 meses ingresados con el diagn&#243;stico de BA desde el 1 de enero de 2013 a 31 de marzo de 2017&#44; 47 &#40;19&#37;&#41; recibieron VNI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Nuestro hospital no dispone de UCIP&#44; encontr&#225;ndose la m&#225;s pr&#243;xima a 15 min en ambulancia&#46; Se habilit&#243; una zona de la planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n con dos camas &#40;de las 18 disponibles&#41; con visi&#243;n completa del &#225;rea a trav&#233;s de panel de cristal&#44; r&#225;pido acceso&#44; monitorizaci&#243;n completa &#40;frecuencia cardiaca&#44; respiratoria y saturaci&#243;n de O2 &#91;SatO2&#93;&#41;&#44; tomas de aire y O2&#44; y material necesario para intubaci&#243;n y ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva &#40;VMI&#41;&#46; La dotaci&#243;n de enfermer&#237;a&#47;auxiliares de la planta es&#58; 3 enfermeras&#47;2 auxiliares en turnos de ma&#241;ana y tarde y 2 enfermeras&#47;1 auxiliar en turno de noche&#46; No se aument&#243; la plantilla previa de cara al estudio&#46; Tras un periodo de 6 meses de protocolizaci&#243;n y formaci&#243;n de todo el personal m&#233;dico&#44; enfermer&#237;a y auxiliar de plantilla se implant&#243; la utilizaci&#243;n de VNI en BA en enero de 2013&#46; Aquellos pacientes con hipoxemia &#40;SatO2 &#60;90&#37; con O2 ambiente&#41; y dificultad respiratoria leve moderada &#40;respiratory distress assesment instrument&#47;RDAI &#8804; 5&#44; score de Wood-Downes-Ferres&#47;SWD &#8804; 3 dependiendo del facultativo al cargo&#41; recibieron terapia de alto flujo &#40;TAF&#41;&#46; El t&#233;rmino VNI incluye la nCPAP &#40;nasal continuous positive airway pressure&#41; con ventilaci&#243;n a un solo nivel&#44; y la BIPAP &#40;bilevel positive airway pressure&#41;&#44; con ventilaci&#243;n a dos niveles&#46; Se indic&#243; VNI en menores de 3 meses &#40;edad limitada por la disponibilidad de material&#41; diagnosticados de BA que presentasen hipercapnia &#40;PCO2 capilar &#8805; 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41; y&#47;o apneas y&#47;o dificultad respiratoria moderada-grave &#40;RDAI 6-7&#44; SWD 4-7&#41;&#46; Se excluyeron aquellos con patolog&#237;a respiratoria de base&#44; o trastorno del nivel de conciencia&#46; Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos y par&#225;metros respiratorios se incluyen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Todos los pacientes toleraron bien la VNI y ninguno present&#243; complicaciones&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el tratamiento de la BA moderada-grave el soporte respiratorio escala desde la administraci&#243;n de TAF con O2 h&#250;medo y caliente a la VNI&#44; y VMI&#46; Tanto a la VNI como a la TAF se le atribuyen la capacidad de mejorar el trabajo respiratorio y la oxigenaci&#243;n&#46; La magnitud de esta respuesta var&#237;a mucho de unos estudios a otros con escasa evidencia a este respecto<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os la TAF ha aparecido como un m&#233;todo de soporte respiratorio alternativo a la VNI percibido como de uso m&#225;s sencillo&#46; Se ha propuesto su aplicaci&#243;n en plantas de hospitalizaci&#243;n a pacientes con BA moderada-grave con criterios para inicio de VNI y se han comunicado buenos resultados en la evitaci&#243;n de t&#233;cnicas m&#225;s agresivas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Si esta aplicaci&#243;n de la TAF se ha considerado &#250;til&#44; pensamos que de la misma forma estos pacientes se podr&#237;an beneficiar de la VNI que conjuga seguridad y eficacia&#44; sin precisar inicialmente ingreso en una UCIP&#46; La posibilidad de administrar VNI de forma precoz es otra ventaja asistencial a&#241;adida ya que evitar&#237;a la progresi&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; disminuyendo la estancia media<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> Cabe se&#241;alar que la disponibilidad de esta t&#233;cnica en el propio centro&#44; permiti&#243; una mayor flexibilidad en su uso lo que puede hacer que el porcentaje de indicaciones de VNI &#40;19&#37;&#41; respecto los ingresos sea mayor que otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> lo que amortiguar&#237;a el impacto en el n&#250;mero de traslados&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La posibilidad de poder aplicar la VNI en la planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n resulta una opci&#243;n viable que podr&#237;a ayudar a paliar la problem&#225;tica que surge cada a&#241;o con la temporada epid&#233;mica de la BA&#46; 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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resumen de los pacientes ingresados por BA que recibieron VNI&#46;</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BIPAP&#58; bilevel positive airway pressure&#59; UCIP&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos&#59; VMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva&#59; VNI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FiO2&#58; fracci&#243;n inspirada de ox&#237;geno&#59; PEEP&#58; positive end-expiratory pressure&#59; TAF&#58; terapia de alto flujo&#59; UCIP&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos&#59; VM&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#59; VMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva&#59; VNI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#59; VRS&#58; virus respiratorio sincitial&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Datos epidemiol&#243;gicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#61;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Varones &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;44&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60; 37 sem &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;23&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad d&#237;as mediana &#40;p25-p75&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;18- 51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;40&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TAF &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as desde inicio de s&#237;ntomas a VNI</span> &#40;X&#175;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC 95&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;5 &#40;3&#44;6-5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Indicaci&#243;n VNI &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;36&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia &#43; distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;40&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apneas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BIPAP</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;36&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duraci&#243;n VNI &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60;24 h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;27&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">24-36 h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">36-48 h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;21&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#62;</span>48 h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;40&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as de ingreso</span> &#40;X&#175;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC 95&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;9 &#40;4&#44;7-7&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Traslados UCIP &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Motivo traslado &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia &#43; distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apneas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Par&#225;metros respiratorios</span> &#40;X&#175;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC 95&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Flujo VNI m&#225;x &#40;lpm&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">8&#44;86 &#40;8&#44;5 &#8211; 9&#44;31&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PEEP VNI m&#225;x &#40;cmH2O&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">32&#44;5 &#40;27&#44;9 &#8211; 38&#44;1&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                            4 => "A&#46;G&#46; Sutcliffe"
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                      "titulo" => "CPAP and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in bronchiolitis"
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                      "titulo" => "Use of high flow nasal cannula oxygen &#40;HFNCO&#41; in infants with bronchiolitis on a paediatric ward&#58; a 3-year experience"
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CARTA CIENTÍFICA
Ventilación no invasiva en bronquiolitis aguda en la planta. Una opción viable
Non-invasive ventilation in acute bronchiolitis on the ward. A viable option
Elena Paredes González, Mercedes Bueno Campaña
Autor para correspondencia
mbueno@fhalcorcon.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Belén Salomón Moreno, Marta Rupérez Lucas, Rocío de la Morena Martínez
Unidad de Pediatría y Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
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con posibilidad de ser trasladados a la UCIP cuando fuera preciso&#44; algo que ya se ven&#237;a haciendo en algunos centros europeos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#46; Describimos nuestra experiencia y resultados cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un hospital de segundo nivel de la Comunidad de Madrid&#44; de un total de 245 lactantes menores de 6 meses ingresados con el diagn&#243;stico de BA desde el 1 de enero de 2013 a 31 de marzo de 2017&#44; 47 &#40;19&#37;&#41; recibieron VNI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Nuestro hospital no dispone de UCIP&#44; encontr&#225;ndose la m&#225;s pr&#243;xima a 15 min en ambulancia&#46; Se habilit&#243; una zona de la planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n con dos camas &#40;de las 18 disponibles&#41; con visi&#243;n completa del &#225;rea a trav&#233;s de panel de cristal&#44; r&#225;pido acceso&#44; monitorizaci&#243;n completa &#40;frecuencia cardiaca&#44; respiratoria y saturaci&#243;n de O2 &#91;SatO2&#93;&#41;&#44; tomas de aire y O2&#44; y material necesario para intubaci&#243;n y ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva &#40;VMI&#41;&#46; La dotaci&#243;n de enfermer&#237;a&#47;auxiliares de la planta es&#58; 3 enfermeras&#47;2 auxiliares en turnos de ma&#241;ana y tarde y 2 enfermeras&#47;1 auxiliar en turno de noche&#46; No se aument&#243; la plantilla previa de cara al estudio&#46; Tras un periodo de 6 meses de protocolizaci&#243;n y formaci&#243;n de todo el personal m&#233;dico&#44; enfermer&#237;a y auxiliar de plantilla se implant&#243; la utilizaci&#243;n de VNI en BA en enero de 2013&#46; Aquellos pacientes con hipoxemia &#40;SatO2 &#60;90&#37; con O2 ambiente&#41; y dificultad respiratoria leve moderada &#40;respiratory distress assesment instrument&#47;RDAI &#8804; 5&#44; score de Wood-Downes-Ferres&#47;SWD &#8804; 3 dependiendo del facultativo al cargo&#41; recibieron terapia de alto flujo &#40;TAF&#41;&#46; El t&#233;rmino VNI incluye la nCPAP &#40;nasal continuous positive airway pressure&#41; con ventilaci&#243;n a un solo nivel&#44; y la BIPAP &#40;bilevel positive airway pressure&#41;&#44; con ventilaci&#243;n a dos niveles&#46; Se indic&#243; VNI en menores de 3 meses &#40;edad limitada por la disponibilidad de material&#41; diagnosticados de BA que presentasen hipercapnia &#40;PCO2 capilar &#8805; 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg&#41; y&#47;o apneas y&#47;o dificultad respiratoria moderada-grave &#40;RDAI 6-7&#44; SWD 4-7&#41;&#46; Se excluyeron aquellos con patolog&#237;a respiratoria de base&#44; o trastorno del nivel de conciencia&#46; Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos y par&#225;metros respiratorios se incluyen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Todos los pacientes toleraron bien la VNI y ninguno present&#243; complicaciones&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el tratamiento de la BA moderada-grave el soporte respiratorio escala desde la administraci&#243;n de TAF con O2 h&#250;medo y caliente a la VNI&#44; y VMI&#46; Tanto a la VNI como a la TAF se le atribuyen la capacidad de mejorar el trabajo respiratorio y la oxigenaci&#243;n&#46; La magnitud de esta respuesta var&#237;a mucho de unos estudios a otros con escasa evidencia a este respecto<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os la TAF ha aparecido como un m&#233;todo de soporte respiratorio alternativo a la VNI percibido como de uso m&#225;s sencillo&#46; Se ha propuesto su aplicaci&#243;n en plantas de hospitalizaci&#243;n a pacientes con BA moderada-grave con criterios para inicio de VNI y se han comunicado buenos resultados en la evitaci&#243;n de t&#233;cnicas m&#225;s agresivas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Si esta aplicaci&#243;n de la TAF se ha considerado &#250;til&#44; pensamos que de la misma forma estos pacientes se podr&#237;an beneficiar de la VNI que conjuga seguridad y eficacia&#44; sin precisar inicialmente ingreso en una UCIP&#46; La posibilidad de administrar VNI de forma precoz es otra ventaja asistencial a&#241;adida ya que evitar&#237;a la progresi&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; disminuyendo la estancia media<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> Cabe se&#241;alar que la disponibilidad de esta t&#233;cnica en el propio centro&#44; permiti&#243; una mayor flexibilidad en su uso lo que puede hacer que el porcentaje de indicaciones de VNI &#40;19&#37;&#41; respecto los ingresos sea mayor que otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> lo que amortiguar&#237;a el impacto en el n&#250;mero de traslados&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La posibilidad de poder aplicar la VNI en la planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n resulta una opci&#243;n viable que podr&#237;a ayudar a paliar la problem&#225;tica que surge cada a&#241;o con la temporada epid&#233;mica de la BA&#46; Consideramos para ello fundamental un adecuado entrenamiento del personal&#44; disponer de protocolos espec&#237;ficos&#44; y capacidad para proporcionar un cuidado y entorno seguros en caso de empeoramiento cl&#237;nico hasta el momento de su traslado a una UCIP&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resumen de los pacientes ingresados por BA que recibieron VNI&#46;</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BIPAP&#58; bilevel positive airway pressure&#59; UCIP&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos&#59; VMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva&#59; VNI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FiO2&#58; fracci&#243;n inspirada de ox&#237;geno&#59; PEEP&#58; positive end-expiratory pressure&#59; TAF&#58; terapia de alto flujo&#59; UCIP&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos&#59; VM&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#59; VMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva&#59; VNI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#59; VRS&#58; virus respiratorio sincitial&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Datos epidemiol&#243;gicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N &#61;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Varones &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;44&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60; 37 sem &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;23&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad d&#237;as mediana &#40;p25-p75&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;18- 51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiolog&#237;a</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VRS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;59&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;40&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TAF &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as desde inicio de s&#237;ntomas a VNI</span> &#40;X&#175;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC 95&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;5 &#40;3&#44;6-5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Indicaci&#243;n VNI &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;36&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia &#43; distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;40&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apneas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;6&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BIPAP</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;36&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duraci&#243;n VNI &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#60;24 h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;27&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">24-36 h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">36-48 h</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;21&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#62;</span>48 h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;40&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as de ingreso</span> &#40;X&#175;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC 95&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#44;9 &#40;4&#44;7-7&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Traslados UCIP &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Motivo traslado &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipercapnia &#43; distr&#233;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apneas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1 &#40;6&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Par&#225;metros respiratorios</span> &#40;X&#175;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IC 95&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Flujo VNI m&#225;x &#40;lpm&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">8&#44;86 &#40;8&#44;5 &#8211; 9&#44;31&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PEEP VNI m&#225;x &#40;cmH2O&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6&#44;11 &#40;5&#44;57 &#8211; 6&#44;3&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FiO2 VNI m&#225;x &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">32&#44;5 &#40;27&#44;9 &#8211; 38&#44;1&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PCO2 m&#225;x &#40;mmHg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">59&#44;2 &#40;56&#44;4-62&#44;4&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Datos epidemiol&#243;gicos y par&#225;metros de VNI utilizados de la muestra</p>"
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      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Continuous positive airway pressure &#40;CPAP&#41; for acute bronchiolitis in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;R&#46; Jat"
                            1 => "J&#46;L&#46; Mathew"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Syst Rev&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "CD010473"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Non-invasive respiratory support for infants with bronchiolitis&#58; a national survey of practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Turnham"
                            1 => "R&#46;S&#46; Agbeko"
                            2 => "J&#46; Furness"
                            3 => "J&#46; Pappachan"
                            4 => "A&#46;G&#46; Sutcliffe"
                            5 => "P&#46; Ramnarayan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Pediatr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Continuous positive airway pressure for bronchiolitis in a general paediatric ward&#59; a feasibility study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Oymar"
                            1 => "K&#46; B&#229;rdsen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 16954033
Idioma original: Español
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