Originales
Infección por Helicobacter pylori en población infantil: prevalencia, factores asociados e influencia sobre el crecimiento
Helicobacter pylori infection in the child population in spain: prevalence, related factors and influence on growth
S.V. Leandro Liberatoa,
, M. Hernández Galindoa, L. Torroba Álvarezb, F. Sánchez Miramóna, S.E. Leandro Cirizaa, A. Gómez Abadíaa, P. Chueca Rodríguezc
Autor para correspondencia
vleandrl@cfnavarra.es
Correspondencia: Dr. S.V. Leandro Liberato. Centro de Salud Gayarre.Gayarre, 17. 31500 Tudela. España.
Correspondencia: Dr. S.V. Leandro Liberato. Centro de Salud Gayarre.Gayarre, 17. 31500 Tudela. España.
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"apellidos" => "Leandro Liberato" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "vleandrl@cfnavarra.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Hernández Galindo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Torroba Álvarez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Sánchez Miramón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S.E." 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España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Dr. S.V. Leandro Liberato. Centro de Salud Gayarre.Gayarre, 17. 31500 Tudela. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicobacter pylori</span> infection in the child population in spain: prevalence, related factors and influence on growth" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-10-31" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-07-31" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186265" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicobacter pylori</span>" 1 => "Prevalencia" 2 => "Antígeno <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en heces" 3 => "Crecimiento" 4 => "Niños" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec186266" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicobacter pylori</span>" 1 => "Prevalence" 2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> stool antigen.Growth" 3 => "Children" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Está demostrado que hay relación de causalidad entre la infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicobacter pylori</span> y la aparición de patología digestiva en adultos y niños. La prevalencia mundial es variable y posiblemente está influida por el grado de desarrollo. Los objetivos de este estudio son conocer la prevalencia de infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en nuestra población infantil, analizar diversos factores asociados a esta infección y estudiar su posible influencia sobre el crecimiento.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en una muestra representativa de la población de niños con edades entre 1 y 14 años. El tamaño muestral es de 284 niños (prevalencia = 15%; precisión = 4%; IC > 95%). La muestra fue elegida de manera aleatoria y estratificada por edades y sexo. Se recogen datos en un cuestionario precodificado. El diagnóstico de infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> se realiza por detección de antígeno de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en heces mediante enzimoinmunoanálisis.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra estaba formada por 144 niños y 140 niñas con una media de edad de 6,89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4,25 años. La prevalencia de infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> fue del 15,8%. Esta aumenta progresivamente con la edad: 1-3 años (8,4 %); 4-9 años (13,9 %), y 10-14 años (24 %) (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05) y es más frecuente en varones (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01).El análisis de las variables socioambientales demuestran elevada frecuencia de infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en niños de familias con bajo nivel socioeconómico (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01), alto índice de hacinamiento (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05) e inmigrantes (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001).Se observa mayor frecuencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en niños que presentan dolor abdominal recurrente (DAR) (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001) y cuyos padres presentan patología gastroduodenal (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001).Con más frecuencia de la esperada aparece <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en niños de 10 a 14 años con percentiles de peso y talla < P25 (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05). En el contraste de medias no se observan diferencias significativas.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de infección por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> en nuestro estudio es algo menor de lo encontrado en otros estudios realizados en nuestro país, ya que se acerca al patrón de países industrializados.Está asociado a la edad, sexo y ambientes socioeconómicos poco favorecidos. Es más frecuente esta infección en niños con DAR y cuando los padres sufren patología gastroduodenal.Esta infección parece no influir negativamente en el crecimiento de los niños de nuestra población infantil.</p>" ] "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A causal relationship between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Helicobacter pylori</span> infection and the occurrence of digestive diseases in adults and children has been proven. Worldwide, the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> varies and it is possibly influenced by differences in the level of development. The goals of this study were <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a)</span> to ascertain the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection in the child population in Spain, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b)</span> to study several factors related to this infection, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c)</span> to establish its possible influence on growth.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of children aged 1 to 14 years old. The sample consisted of 284 children (prevalence = 15%; accuracy = 4%; CI > 95%), selected at random and stratified by age and sex. A pre-coded questionnaire was used for data collection. Diagnosis of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> was established by detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> antigen in stools with enzyme immunoassay.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sample consisted of 144 boys and 140 girls, with a mean age of 6.89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.25 years. The prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection was 15.8 % and progressively increased with age: 1- to 3-year-olds (8.4 %), 4- to 9-year-olds (13.9 %), 10- to 14-year-olds (24 %) (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01).Analysis of socio-environmental variables showed a higher <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection rate in children from families with a low socioeconomic level (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01), a high rate of overcrowding (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05), and in immigrants (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001).The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection rate was higher in children with recurrent abdominal pain (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) and in those whose parents had suffered from gastroduodenal disease (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection was more frequent in children aged 10 to 14 years old with weight and height percentiles below the 25<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> percentile (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).Comparison of means revealed no significant differences.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection found in our study was slightly lower than that found in other studies carried out in Spain; our data were more similar to those of industrialized countries. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection was linked to age, sex and deprived socioeconomic environments, and was more frequent in children with recurrent abdominal pain and in those whose parents suffered from gastroduodenal disease. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H. pylori</span> infection did not seem to negatively affect growth in our child population.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:41 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 8 | 14 | 22 |
| 2024 Octubre | 51 | 68 | 119 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 53 | 63 | 116 |
| 2024 Agosto | 79 | 98 | 177 |
| 2024 Julio | 67 | 49 | 116 |
| 2024 Junio | 109 | 61 | 170 |
| 2024 Mayo | 62 | 46 | 108 |
| 2024 Abril | 78 | 51 | 129 |
| 2024 Marzo | 62 | 59 | 121 |
| 2024 Febrero | 54 | 47 | 101 |
| 2024 Enero | 40 | 30 | 70 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 54 | 23 | 77 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 46 | 45 | 91 |
| 2023 Octubre | 32 | 49 | 81 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 28 | 28 | 56 |
| 2023 Agosto | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2023 Julio | 29 | 41 | 70 |
| 2023 Junio | 43 | 50 | 93 |
| 2023 Mayo | 48 | 26 | 74 |
| 2023 Abril | 16 | 25 | 41 |
| 2023 Marzo | 31 | 33 | 64 |
| 2023 Febrero | 20 | 29 | 49 |
| 2023 Enero | 15 | 42 | 57 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 41 | 31 | 72 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 55 | 46 | 101 |
| 2022 Octubre | 32 | 54 | 86 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 62 | 50 | 112 |
| 2022 Agosto | 88 | 62 | 150 |
| 2022 Julio | 91 | 51 | 142 |
| 2022 Junio | 67 | 51 | 118 |
| 2022 Mayo | 87 | 44 | 131 |
| 2022 Abril | 43 | 66 | 109 |
| 2022 Marzo | 38 | 47 | 85 |
| 2022 Febrero | 31 | 33 | 64 |
| 2022 Enero | 40 | 56 | 96 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 19 | 57 | 76 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 32 | 72 | 104 |
| 2021 Octubre | 59 | 77 | 136 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 45 | 67 | 112 |
| 2021 Agosto | 37 | 39 | 76 |
| 2021 Julio | 34 | 42 | 76 |
| 2021 Junio | 31 | 39 | 70 |
| 2021 Mayo | 34 | 39 | 73 |
| 2021 Abril | 68 | 62 | 130 |
| 2021 Marzo | 72 | 37 | 109 |
| 2021 Febrero | 69 | 24 | 93 |
| 2021 Enero | 50 | 28 | 78 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 44 | 24 | 68 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2020 Octubre | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2020 Agosto | 26 | 17 | 43 |
| 2020 Julio | 21 | 14 | 35 |
| 2020 Junio | 19 | 17 | 36 |
| 2020 Mayo | 33 | 13 | 46 |
| 2020 Abril | 29 | 14 | 43 |
| 2020 Marzo | 27 | 16 | 43 |
| 2020 Febrero | 31 | 16 | 47 |
| 2020 Enero | 28 | 24 | 52 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 62 | 29 | 91 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 29 | 14 | 43 |
| 2019 Octubre | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 27 | 16 | 43 |
| 2019 Agosto | 28 | 20 | 48 |
| 2019 Julio | 32 | 28 | 60 |
| 2019 Junio | 69 | 24 | 93 |
| 2019 Mayo | 83 | 42 | 125 |
| 2019 Abril | 111 | 91 | 202 |
| 2019 Marzo | 68 | 42 | 110 |
| 2019 Febrero | 49 | 29 | 78 |
| 2019 Enero | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 25 | 34 | 59 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 31 | 28 | 59 |
| 2018 Octubre | 70 | 36 | 106 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 24 | 121 | 145 |
| 2018 Agosto | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 Julio | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 Junio | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Mayo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 Abril | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| 2018 Marzo | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2018 Febrero | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2018 Enero | 14 | 0 | 14 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2017 Octubre | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 2017 Agosto | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 2017 Julio | 14 | 0 | 14 |
| 2017 Junio | 19 | 19 | 38 |
| 2017 Mayo | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2017 Abril | 12 | 19 | 31 |
| 2017 Marzo | 23 | 22 | 45 |
| 2017 Febrero | 11 | 26 | 37 |
| 2017 Enero | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 29 | 8 | 37 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2016 Octubre | 32 | 13 | 45 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2016 Agosto | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2016 Julio | 22 | 19 | 41 |
| 2016 Junio | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2016 Mayo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 Abril | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 Marzo | 1 | 15 | 16 |
| 2016 Febrero | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016 Enero | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Octubre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 3 | 17 | 20 |
| 2015 Agosto | 3 | 19 | 22 |
| 2015 Julio | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2015 Junio | 21 | 9 | 30 |
| 2015 Mayo | 22 | 20 | 42 |
| 2015 Abril | 29 | 11 | 40 |
| 2015 Marzo | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2015 Febrero | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2015 Enero | 23 | 1 | 24 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 35 | 2 | 37 |
| 2014 Octubre | 43 | 7 | 50 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 41 | 4 | 45 |
| 2014 Agosto | 57 | 2 | 59 |
| 2014 Julio | 63 | 5 | 68 |
| 2014 Junio | 72 | 5 | 77 |
| 2014 Mayo | 112 | 5 | 117 |
| 2014 Abril | 72 | 2 | 74 |
| 2014 Marzo | 97 | 10 | 107 |
| 2014 Febrero | 76 | 11 | 87 |
| 2014 Enero | 100 | 11 | 111 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 123 | 15 | 138 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 127 | 5 | 132 |
| 2013 Octubre | 80 | 7 | 87 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 64 | 20 | 84 |
| 2013 Agosto | 66 | 13 | 79 |
| 2013 Julio | 62 | 8 | 70 |
| 2013 Junio | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2013 Mayo | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2013 Abril | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2013 Marzo | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2013 Febrero | 19 | 2 | 21 |
| 2013 Enero | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| 2012 Diciembre | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2012 Noviembre | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2012 Octubre | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2012 Septiembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2005 Diciembre | 4098 | 0 | 4098 |
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