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Vol. 59. Issue 6.
Pages 535-540 (1 December 2003)
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Vol. 59. Issue 6.
Pages 535-540 (1 December 2003)
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Tratamiento de corta duración de la leishmaniasis visceral con anfotericina B liposómica en pacientes inmunocompetentes
Short Course Treatment For Visceral Leishmaniasis With Liposomal Amphotericin B In Immunocompetent Patients
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M.aC. Figueras Nadala, M.aJ. García de Miguelb, F. Asensi Botetc, R. Velasco Bernardod, A. Canals Baezae, I. Ausín Aoizf,
Corresponding author
iausin@gilead.com

Correspondencia: Gilead Sciences, S.L. Agustín de Foxá, 27, 9.a 28036 Madrid. España
a Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Infantil Vall D'Hebron. Barcelona
b Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital la Paz. Madrid
c Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital La Fe. Valencia
d Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Virgen de La Salud. Toledo
e Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General de Alicante
f Gilead Sciences, S.L. Madrid. España
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Introducción

La leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad endémica en el sur de Europa y los antimoniales pentavalentes han constituido su tratamiento clásico. Sin embargo, la aparición de fracasos terapéuticos, la larga duración del tratamiento y su toxicidad, han condicionado la introducción de nuevas terapias, como la anfotericina B liposómica (ABL). En este estudio se evalúa la eficacia y seguridad de ABL a una dosis máxima de 4 mg/kg/día los días 1 a 5 y 10.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio abierto, prospectivo y observacional realizado en 13 hospitales en España. El diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral se basó en la visualización de amastigotes de Leishmania sp. en el aspirado o promastigotes de Leishmania sp. en el cultivo de médula ósea o serología positiva, junto con la presencia de cuadro clínico compatible.

Resultados

Se trataron 32 niños inmunocompetentes de edades comprendidas entre 7 meses y 7 años. Todos tuvieron una rápida respuesta clínica y el aspirado de médula ósea a los 21 días fue normal en el 100% de los 24 pacientes en quienes se realizó. En 8 niños la eficacia se evaluó por la respuesta clínica. Se detectaron dos recidivas, con lo que se logró la curación de 18 pacientes (90,0 %) y del 87,5 % de los pacientes con documentación microbiológica de la enfermedad. No se produjeron acontecimientos adversos.

Conclusiones

Una dosis total de 24 mg/kg de ABL administrada en 6 dosis a lo largo de 10 días, es eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis visceral y permite además reducir la estancia hospitalaria.

Palabras clave:
Anfotericina B liposómica
Leishmaniasis visceral
Tratamiento médico
Kala-azar
Leishmania infantum
Introduction

Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in southern Europe. Traditional treatment consists of pentavalent antimonial compounds. However, treatment failures, the treatment's long duration, and toxicity have led to the introduction of new therapies, such as liposomal amphotericin B (LAB). In this study we evaluate the safety and efficacy of LAB at a maximum dose of 4 mg/kg/day on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.

Patients and methods

A prospective, observational, open study was conducted in 13 Spanish centers. The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was based on visualization of Leishmanias sp. in bone marrow aspirate or culture or positive serology together with compatible clinical symptoms.

Results

Thirty-two immunocompetent children aged from 7 months to 7 years were treated. All the children had rapid clinical response and bone marrow aspirate performed on day 21 was normal in the 24 patients (100 %) who underwent this procedure. In the remaining eight children efficacy was assessed by clinical response. Two relapses were observed. Cure was achieved in 18 patients (90.0%) and in 87.5% of the patients with microbiological confirmation of the disease. No adverse events were detected.

Conclusions

A total dosage of 24 mg/kg of liposomal amphotericin B administered in 6 doses within 10 days is safe and effective for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and reduces the length of hospital stay.

Key words:
Liposomal amphotericin B
Visceral leishmaniasis
Drug therapy
Kala-Azar
Leishmania infantum
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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