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Vol. 61. Issue 4.
Pages 305-313 (1 October 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 4.
Pages 305-313 (1 October 2004)
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Sepsis meningocócica en pediatría. Parámetros asociados a mala evolución
Meningococcal sepsis in pediatrics. parameters associated with poor outcome
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A. Blanco Quirósa,
Corresponding author
ablanco@ped.uva.es

Correspondencia: Facultad de Medicina. Pediatría. Ramón y Cajal, 5. 47005 Valladolid. España
, J. Casado Floresb, M. Nieto Morob, J.A. Garrote Adradosa,c, E. Arranz Sanza, J. Asensio Antónb
a Área de Pediatría e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM). Universidad de Valladolid
b Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Hospital Niño Jesús. Madrid
c Hospital Clínico. Valladolid. España
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Antecedentes

La mortalidad por sepsis meningocócica continúa siendo muy elevada. Los enfermos con mal pronóstico precisan terapias agresivas y deben ser identificados precozmente

Objetivo

Investigar los factores clínicos y biológicos asociados a una mala evolución

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudiaron 71 niños de 2 meses a 13 años de edad con sepsis meningocócica. Los criterios de inclusión fueron aislamiento de meningococo en cultivos o sintomatología característica con exantema purpúrico. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional. En todos los enfermos se valoró el PRISM (Pediatric Risk of Mortality), la Escala de Glasgow para Sepsis Meningocócicas (EGSM), el recuento de polimorfonucleares y los niveles de procalcitonina, leptina y proteína C reactiva (PCR)

Resultados

Fallecieron 14 enfermos (19,7 %). La muerte se asoció a síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica (SDMO) (p=0,0001), alta puntuación en la EGSM y el PRISM (p=0,0001) y con menor significación a shock (p=0,01). En el grupo de fallecidos, las determinaciones más alteradas al ingreso fueron la procalcitonina (p=0,0009) y los polimorfonucleares (p=0,0005). Los valores de PCR no se asociaron a diferencia de mortalidad pero estaban altos en los casos con shock (p=0,008)

Los niños con percentiles elevados de peso fallecieron con mayor frecuencia y mostraron niveles más altos de procalcitonina (p=0,006) y leptina (p=0,006), pero sin diferencias de valores de EGSM y PRISM. La edad no influyó ni en la mortalidad ni en la procalcitonina, pero sí en el EGSM y PRISM y en los niveles de polimorfonucleares y PCR, desapareciendo estas diferencias antes de los 2-3 años. En los casos con SDMO o shock sólo presentaron diferencias el recuento disminuido de polimorfonucleares (p=0,0001) y la procalcitonina elevada (p=0,0001)

Conclusiones

En la sepsis meningocócica el fallecimiento es más frecuente en niños con altos percentiles de peso. Además presentan elevaciones de procalcitonina y leptina, quedando sin aclarar si actúan de forma independiente

Palabras clave:
Infección meningocócica
Sepsis
Procalcitonina
Leptina
Peso corporal
Mortalidad
Background

Mortality due to meningococcal sepsis continues to be extremely high. Patients with a poor prognosis require aggressive therapy and should be identified early

Objective

To investigate the clinical and biological factors associated with poor outcome

Patients and methods

Seventy-one children aged 2 months to 13 years with meningococcal sepsis were studied. Inclusion criteria were meningococcus isolation in cultures or characteristic clinical features with purpuric exanthema

Methods

A correlational descriptive study was performed. In all patients we evaluated the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM), the Glasgow Scale for Meningococcal Sepsis (GSMS), polymorphonuclear (PMN) count and prolactin (PRL), leptin (LPT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels

Results

Fourteen children (19.7%) died. Death was associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (p=0.0001), high GSMS and PRISM scores (p=0.0001) and to a lesser extent with shock (p=0.01). In patients who died, the determinations showing greatest alteration at admission were PRL levels (p=0.0009) and PMN count (p=0.0005). CRP levels were not associated with differences in mortality but were high in patients with shock (p=0.008)

Children with high body weight percentiles were at greater risk of death and showed higher levels of PRL, PCT (p=0.006) and LPT (p=0.006), without differences in GSMS or PRISM scores. Age did not influence mortality or PRL levels but did influence GMSM and PRISM scores and PMN and CRP levels. These differences disappeared after the age of 2-3 years. In patients with MODS or shock, the only differences found were reduced PMN count (p=0.0001) and elevated PRL levels (p=0.0001)

Conclusions

In meningococcal sepsis, death is more frequent in children with high body weight percentiles. Moreover, these children present elevated PRL and LPT levels, although whether these variables act independently remains to be elucidated

Key words:
Meningococcal infection
Sepsis
Procalcitonin
Leptin
Body weight
Mortality
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