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Vol. 60. Issue 5.
Pages 428-435 (1 May 2004)
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Vol. 60. Issue 5.
Pages 428-435 (1 May 2004)
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Receptor sérico de transferrina en niños sanos. Valor diagnóstico en la anemia infecciosa y en la ferropénica
Serum transferrin receptor in healthy children. Diagnostic yield in ferropenic and infectious anemia
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E. Aleo Lujána,
Corresponding author
estheraleo@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría (6.a planta). Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Prof. Martín Lagos, s/n. 28045 Madrid. España
, C. Gil Lópeza, F.A. González Fernándezb, A. Villegas Martínezb, F. Valverde Morenoa
a Servicios de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. España
b Servicios de Hematología. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. España
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Antecedentes

El receptor sérico de transferrina (RsTf) ofrece ventajas para evaluar el estado de hierro celular por no alterarse en situaciones de enfermedad aguda o crónica

Objetivo

Establecer valores de referencia para nuestro laboratorio del RsTf en niños sanos, conocer la distribución de esta variable en niños con enfermedad aguda y en niños con déficit de hierro, así como evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico del RsTf para distinguir anemia ferropénica de anemia infecciosa y de sus parámetros relacionados con la ferritina (F): cociente RsTf/F e índice RsTf-F (RsTf/log ferritina)

Pacientes y métodos

Análisis descriptivo transversal durante un período de 18 meses en 132 niños entre 6 meses y 16 años de edad que fueron divididos en tres grupos: sanos, con enfermedad aguda y con déficit de hierro, estudiando la distribución del RsTf, y evaluando su rendimiento diagnóstico para diferenciar la anemia ferropénica de la anemia que acompaña a enfermedad aguda

Resultados

De los 132 pacientes, 30 se excluyeron por no contar con alguno de los parámetros relevantes de este estudio y 19 fueron apartados por ser portadores de rasgo talasémico. En los 30 niños sanos la media del RsTf fue 1,2mg/l (desviación estándar [DE], 0,36); mediana 1,02 (rango intercuartílico [RIQ], 0,7–1,7). Los 32 niños con enfermedad aguda, con o sin anemia, mostraron valores de RsTf similares a los de niños sanos (p > 0,05). Los valores del RsTf fueron superiores en niños con déficit de hierro (21 niños; RsTf, M 1,67mg/l; DE, 0,98) que en niños sanos, aunque sin significación estadística (p=0,08). Los valores más altos del RsTf correspondieron a niños con anemia ferropénica (RsTf, M 2,13mg/l; DE, 1,14), con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto a los niños sanos (p=0,04) y a los niños con ferropenia latente (niños con déficit de hierro pero sin anemia) (p=0,01). El cociente RsTf/F mostró un rendimiento diagnóstico óptimo para distinguir entre anemia ferropénica y anemia por enfermedad aguda. Con valores de este cociente superiores a 80,7 se puede sospechar como causa de la anemia la ferropenia con un valor global de la prueba de 100% (intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC 95 %], 75,91–99,42)

Conclusiones

El RsTf puede ser de utilidad para la evaluación del estado de hierro intracelular en niños. Sus valores no se modifican durante procesos agudos y en combinación con la ferritina ofrece un rendimiento diagnóstico óptimo para distinguir anemia ferropénica de anemia infecciosa

Palabras clave:
Receptor sérico de transferrina
Anemia infecciosa
Anemia ferropénica
Déficit de hierro
Curvas de rendimiento diagnóstico
Background

The serum transferrin receptor (TfR) presents certain advantages over other parameters of cellular iron status because it does not vary in acute or chronic diseases

Objective

To establish reference ranges of TfR in healthy children for our laboratory, to define the distribution of this variable in children with acute illness and in those with iron deficiency, and to evaluate the diagnostic yield of TfR, the transferrin-receptor/ferritin ratio (TfR/F) and the transferrin- receptor-ferritin index (TfR-F) in distinguishing ferropenic from infectious anemia

Patients and methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 132 children aged from 6 months to 16 years for a period of 18 months. The subjects were classified in three groups: healthy children, children with acute illness, and children with iron deficiency. The distribution of TfR and its diagnostic yield were evaluated

Results

Of the 132 subjects, 30 were excluded because they lacked one or more of the parameters under analysis and 19 were excluded because they showed a thalassemic trait. In the 30 healthy children, the mean TfR concentration was 1.2mg/l (SD 0.36) and the median was 1.02 (IQR 0.7–1.7). In the 32 children with acute illness, with or without anemia, TfR values were similar to those found in healthy children (p > 0.05). TfR values were higher in children with iron deficiency (21 patients; mean TfR value: 1.67mg/l SD 0:98) than in healthy children but this difference was not statistically significant (p 0.08). The highest TfR values were found in the group with ferropenic anemia (mean TfR value: 2.13mg/l SD 1.14) with a statistically significant difference between healthy children (p 0.04) and those with iron deficiency without anemia (p 0.01). The TfR/F ratio showed an optimal diagnostic yield in distinguishing ferropenic from acute disease anemia. If this ratio is higher than 80.7 ferropenia can be suspected as the cause of the anemia with a global value of the test of 100 % (95 % CI: 75.91–99.42)

Conclusions

TfR could be useful in evaluating intracellular iron status in children. Acute disease does not alter TfR values and, in combination with ferritin, TfR offers an optimal diagnostical yield in distinguishing ferropenic from acute illness anemia

Key words:
Serum transferrin receptor
Infectious anemia
Ferropenic anemia
Iron deficiency
Diagnostic yield curves
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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