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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 555-560 (1 June 2004)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 555-560 (1 June 2004)
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Prevalencia de la dermatitis atópica en escolares de Cartagena y su relación con el sexo y la contaminación
Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren from cartagena (Spain) and relationship with sex and pollution
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D. Martín Fernández-Mayoralasa, J.M. Martín Caballerob, L. García-Marcos Álvarezc,
Corresponding author
lgmarcos@um.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Investigación. Pl. San Agustín, 3. 30201 Cartagena. España
a Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid. Servicio de Pediatría
b Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia
c Servicio de Pediatría Unidad Docente de Pediatría. Universidad de Murcia y Unidad de Investigación. Cartagena. España
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Antecedentes

La dermatitis atópica está favorecida por factores exógenos, entre otros, contaminantes ambientales, actuando sobre una base genética

Objetivo

El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la prevalencia de la dermatitis atópica y la influencia del sexo y la contaminación atmosférica de la ciudad de Cartagena

Métodos y diseño

Estudio transversal, mediante encuesta de investigación del Estudio ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), en los escolares de 13 y 14 años de Cartagena (Murcia), analizando el sexo y la ubicación de los colegios a los que acuden estos escolares según dos zonas (contaminada y no), establecidas previamente; y la prevalencia y gravedad del eccema (manifestado por despertar por la noche a causa del prurito), según el sexo y según cada zona analizada

Resultados

Los resultados muestran una prevalencia del eccema atópico del 6,3 %, y es grave en una quinta parte de los casos, con mayor prevalencia significativa (odds ratio [OR], 2,19; intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC 95 %], 1,59–3,02), pero no mayor gravedad, en el sexo femenino, y con mayor prevalencia (OR, 1,83; IC 95 %, 1,01–1,87), pero tampoco mayor gravedad significativas en los escolares que asisten a los colegios en la zona contaminada

Conclusiones

La contaminación atmosférica se asocia con una mayor prevalencia de eccema atópico y existe una tendencia de que éste sea más grave. El eccema fue más prevalente entre las niñas

Palabras clave:
Dermatitis atópica
Eccema atópico
Contaminación ambiental
Epidemiología
Background

Atopic dermatitis is favored by exogenous factors, such as air pollution interacting with a genetic predisposition

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex and air pollution in the city of Cartagena on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis

Design and methods

We performed a cross-sectional study using the ISAAC questionnaire in schoolchildren aged 13 and 14 years old from Cartagena (Murcia). The influence of sex and the schools' location in two distinct areas (polluted and unpolluted) on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and its severity (described as being awaked by nocturnal itching) was analyzed

Results

The prevalence of atopic eczema was 6.3 %. Atopic eczema was severe in 19 % of the cases. Risk factors for atopic eczema were female sex (OR 2.19 95 % CI: 1.59–3. 02) and attending school in a polluted area (OR: 1.83, 95 % CI 1.01–1.87) but these factors were not associated with greater severity

Conclusions

Air pollution is associated with a higher prevalence of atopic eczema and there is a trend that this eczema is more severe. The condition was more prevalent among girls

Key words:
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic eczema
Air pollution
Epidemiology
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