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Vol. 52. Issue 5.
Pages 447-452 (1 May 2000)
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Vol. 52. Issue 5.
Pages 447-452 (1 May 2000)
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Presión arterial en la infancia y la adolescencia. Estudio de su relación con variables de crecimiento y maduración
Blood pressure in childhood and adolescence and its relationship with growth and maturation variables
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J.J. Díaz Martína, C. Rey Galánb, M. Antón Gamerob, M. Pumarada Prietob, R. Gutiérrez Martínezb, S. Málaga Guerrerob,*
a Pediatría. Equipo de Atención Primaria. Centro de Salud El Llano. Área Sanitaria V. Gijón.
b Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital Central de Asturias. Oviedo.
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Objetivo

Analizar la relación existente entre la presión arterial en la infancia y adolescencia con el sexo del individuo y con variables de crecimiento y maduración, como la edad, el peso, la talla, el índice de Quetelet y el estadio de maduración sexual.

Métodos

Estudio transversal realizado en 1.278 niños y niñas de 6 a 18 años de Oviedo. Se efectuaron dos determinaciones de presión arterial, tomándose el valor medio de las dos determinaciones. Se efectuaron análisis de regresión simple y múltiple.

Resultados

Los valores de presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica IV (PADIV) y V (PADV) analizados mostraron coeficientes significativos con todas las variables en el análisis de correlación simple, a excepción del estadio de Tanner en los grupos de niños y niñas mayores de 14 años. Los valores de r demostraron ser más elevados para las medidas de peso (PAS 6-13 años 0,35; PAS niñas > 14 años 0,33; PAS niños > 14 años, 0,34; PADIV 0,25; PADV 0,24) y talla (PAS 6-13 años 0,33; PAS niñas > 14 años 0,23; PAS niños > 14 años, 0,29; PADIV 0,25; PADV 0,24) que para la edad (PAS 6-13 años 0,27; PAS niñas > 14 años 0,17; PAS niños > 14 años 0,15; PADIV 0,23; PADV 0,22). El estudio de regresión múltiple determinó asociación significativa dentro del grupo de niños y niñas de 6 a 13 años entre la PAS y los valores de talla e índice de Quetelet (p < 0,01).

Conclusión

Los valores de presión arterial en la infancia y la adolescencia presentan una correlación positiva con las variables de crecimiento y maduración analizadas. Es importante valorar la presión arterial del niño no sólo en función de la edad, sino también de su peso, talla e índice de Quetelet.

Palabras clave:
Presión arterial
Niños
Adolescencia
Objective

To analyze the relationship between blood pressure in childhood and adolescence and different variables including gender, age, weight, height, body mass index and sexual maturation.

Methods

Cross-sectional study conducted in 1278 boys and girls aged 6 to 18 years old. Two blood pressure measurements were obtained. Mean value in the two measurements was obtained for each of the pressures: systolic (SBP), diastolic IV (DBPIV) and diastolic V (DBPV). Simple and multiple regression analysis were done to evaluate association between variables.

Results

Pearson correlation coefficients were statistically significative for all of the variables included with the exception of sexual maturation in the groups > 14 years old in both sexes. R values were higher for weight (SBP 6-13 years 0.35; SBP girls > 14 years 0.33; SBP boys > 14 years 0.34; DBPIV 0.25; DBPV 0.24) and height (SBP 6-13 years 0.33; SBP girls > 14 years 0.23; SBP boys > 14 years 0.29; DBPIV 0.25; DBPV 0.24) than for age (SBP 6-13 years 0.27; SBP girls > 14 years 0.17; SBP boys > 14 years 0.15; DBPIV 0.23; DBPV 0.22) for each of the blood pressures. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between body mass index, height and SBP in the group of boys and girls aged 6-13 years old. No other significant associations were obtained.

Conclusion

Blood pressure values in childhood and adolescence show a positive association with growth and maturation variables. It's of capital importance to considerate not only age, but also height, weight and body mass index when evaluating the blood pressure value of a child.

Key words:
Blood pressure
Children
Adolescence
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Copyright © 2000. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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