Posición al dormir en hospitales de América Latina y el Caribe para la prevención del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante

Cafferata, M.aL.; Althabe, F.; Belizán, J.M.; Cowan, S.; Nelson, E.A.S.

doi:10.1016/S1695-4033(02)78716-X

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)

ISSN: 2341-2879

The Spanish Pediatric Association (Asociación Española de Pediatría, AEP) has as one of its main objectives the dissemination of rigorous and up-to-date scientific information on the various areas of pediatrics. Annals of Pediatrics is an open access journal that serves as the Association's Scientific Expression Organ and constitutes the vehicle through which members communicate. Annals of Pediatrics publishes, in English and Spanish, original research papers on pediatrics, as well as review articles prepared by experts in each specialty, and guidelines or positioning documents prepared by the different Societies/Specialized Sections integrated into the Spanish Pediatric Association. The journal, a reference for Spanish-speaking pediatrics, is indexed in the most important international databases: Index Medicus/Medline IBECS, IME, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citations Report, Embase/Excerpta Medica, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Indexed in:

Index Medicus/Medline IBECS, IME, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citations Report, Embase/Excerpta Medica, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

Este estudio, a través de una encuesta especialmente diseñada, pretende conocer la prevalencia de las distintas posiciones al dormir en recién nacidos en hospitales de América Latina y el Caribe y las recomendaciones que se dan a los padres sobre la mejor posición para acostar al recién nacido y otras prácticas que son factores de riesgo para el SMSL.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo transversal basado en hospitales. Se contactó con los hospitales de América Latina y el Caribe por intermedio de las representaciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en cada país.

Resultados

De los 213 hospitales que respondieron la encuesta, en 18 (8,5 %) se acostaba a los niños sanos boca abajo, en 104 (48,8 %) de costado, en 53 (25,2 %) boca arriba y en 37 (17,5 %) no se adoptaba una posición definida o las respuestas fueron inconsistentes. Con respecto a las recomendaciones a los padres al alta hospitalaria, en 54 hospitales (25,7 %) se recomendaba la posición boca arriba, en 16 (7,6 %) boca abajo, en 124 (59,0 %) de costado y en 16 (7,6 %) no se daban recomendaciones.

Conclusiones

Los resultados muestran que en los hospitales encuestados existe la práctica de no acostar a los niños sanos boca abajo. Sin embargo la posición más utilizada es de costado, posición que no debería ser recomendada ya que aumenta el riesgo de SMSL. Se deben implementar campañas a nivel hospitalario y poblacional para que los niños sean acostados boca arriba con el fin de reducir la incidencia de SMSL.

Palabras clave:

Muerte súbita infantil

Factores de riesgo

Lactantes

Recién nacidos

Posición supina

Sueño

Background

The prone sleeping position for sleeping has been identified as the principal risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different sleeping positions and other risk factors for SIDS and to identify the advice given to parents in several maternity units in Latin America and the Caribbean through a specially-designed questionnaire.

Methods

Descriptive cross-sectional study based in hospitals. All the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean were contacted through the Pan American Health Organization and responses were obtained from 16 countries.

Results

Two hundred thirteen hospitals answered the survey. The preferred sleeping position for healthy infants was prone in 8.5% of the hospitals, side in 48.8 %, and supine in 25.2 %. In 17.5 % of the hospitals no position was preferred or the answers were inconsistent. Concerning the recommendations given to parents on the best position for their infants at home, 25.7 % recommended the supine position, 7.6 % the prone position, 59.0 % the side position while 7.6 % made no recommendations.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that in the hospitals surveyed there is a policy of not placing healthy neonates in the prone position. However, the most frequent position was the side, which is not advisable as it increases the risk of SIDS. To reduce in the incidence of SIDS, campaigns to increase the use of the supine position should be carried out in hospitals and among the general public.

Key words:

Sudden infant death syndrome

Cot death

Risk factors

Case-control studies

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