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Journal Information
Vol. 80. Issue 6.
Pages 379-386 (1 June 2014)
Vol. 80. Issue 6.
Pages 379-386 (1 June 2014)
Original Article
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Obesity and overweight. An assessment of the effectiveness of a public health intervention
Obesidad y sobrepeso. Aproximación a la efectividad de una intervención sanitaria
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X. Txakartegi Etxebarriaa,
Corresponding author
txabikartegi@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. López Mateob, J.J. Aurrekoetxeac,d,e
a Unidad de Atención Primaria de Gernika-Lumo, Osakidetza, Servicio Vasco de Salud, Gernika-Lumo, Vizcaya, Spain
b Unidad de Atención Primaria de Bermeo, Osakidetza, Servicio Vasco de Salud, Bermeo, Vizcaya, Spain
c Delegación de Salud, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
d Universidad del País Vasco, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
e Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The prevalence of excess weight (obesity and overweight) is increasing in developed countries, with preventive measures not shown to be sufficiently effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the sustained prevention and treatment by Primary Care Paediatrics of overweight from early childhood.

Material and methods

The BMI of 1669 patients from two Paediatric Teams were compared using four different age intervals between 4 and 14 years during 2007-2009. One of the teams had spent 15 years carrying out a systematic strategy aimed at the prevention and monitoring of overweight.

Results

The BMI means in this study were higher than those shown in the 1988 Orbegozo tables, particularly in older ages and in males. The prevalence of overweight was lower in the population with the systematic intervention team, and this was significant at the end of the paediatric age, 14 years (P = .043).

Conclusions

The overweight problem is so great that the measures aimed at its prevention are clearly beyond the scope of health professionals. However, interventions by health professionals can be effective in maintaining a healthy weight, if they are carried out on an ongoing basis.

Keywords:
Child
Adolescent
Obesity
Overweight
Body mass index
Resumen
Introducción

La prevalencia del exceso de peso (obesidad y sobrepeso) se incrementa en los países desarrollados sin que las medidas preventivas se muestren lo suficientemente efectivas. El objetivo de este estudio era investigar la efectividad de la prevención y el tratamiento del exceso de peso desde la primera infancia de forma sostenida desde atención primaria de Pediatría.

Material y métodos

Se compararon los IMC de 1669 pacientes de dos equipos de Pediatría, mediante cortes transversales a 4 intervalos de edad entre los 4 y 14 años, durante el trienio 2007-2009, de la localidad de Gernika-Lumo, donde uno de los cuales lleva 15 años realizando una estrategia sistemática encaminada a la prevención y seguimiento del exceso de peso.

Resultados

Las medias de IMC en este estudio fueron superiores a las de las tablas de Orbegozo de 1988, sobre todo en las edades superiores y en varones. La prevalencia del exceso de peso fue menor en la población del equipo con intervención sistemática, siendo esta significativa al final de la edad de atención pediátrica; 14 años (p = 0,043).

Conclusiones

El problema del exceso de peso es de tal magnitud que las medidas encaminadas a su prevención exceden claramente el ámbito de los profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, las intervenciones de los profesionales de la salud pueden ser efectivas para mantener un peso saludable siempre que sean realizadas de forma continuada.

Palabras clave:
Niño
Adolescente
Obesidad
Sobrepeso
Índice de masa corporal
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Please cite this article as: Txakartegi Etxebarria X, López Mateo M, Aurrekoetxea J.J. Obesidad y sobrepeso. Aproximación a la efectividad de una intervención sanitaria. An Pediatr (Barc). 2014;80:379-386.

Copyright © 2013. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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