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Vol. 61. Issue 1.
Pages 42-50 (1 July 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 1.
Pages 42-50 (1 July 2004)
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Medio ambiente y cáncer pediátrico
Environment and pediatric cancer
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J. Ferrís Tortajadaa,
Corresponding author
ferris_jos@gva.es

Correspondencia: Sección de Oncología Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe. Avda. de Campanar, 21. 46009 Valencia. España
, J.A. Ortega Garcíaa, A. Marco Maciána, J. García Castellb
a Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica (Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit –PEHSU) (http://www.pehsu.org). Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital de Sagunt. Valencia. España
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Antecedentes

El cáncer es el resultado final de la combinación variable de dos determinantes, el endógeno o constitucional y el exógeno o medioambiental. Entre el 85–96% de los cán-ceres pediátricos están probablemente asociados a factores de riesgo medioambientales, siendo la mayoría de ellos desconocidos. El progreso espectacular en la supervivencia del cáncer pediátrico contrasta con la ignorancia de los factores de riesgo implicados en su etiopatogenia.

Objetivo

Analizar el estado actual del conocimiento de las interacciones de los factores de riesgo medioambientales en la etiopatogenia del cáncer pediátrico. Divulgar entre los pediatras el proyecto de investigación “Medio ambiente y cáncer pediátrico” dirigido por la Unidad de Salud Medioambiental (Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, PEHSU) del Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe de Valencia.

Material y métodos

Las historias clínicas actuales están pensadas, diseñadas y dirigidas casi exclusivamente hacia el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer. La denominada historia medioambiental pediátrica, contendrá los ítems validados necesarios para documentar la presencia o ausencia de los factores de riesgo ambientales y constitucionales asociados al cáncer pediátrico descritos en la literatura específica, así como los principales agentes cancerígenos humanos tipificados por la International Agency for Research on Cancer y por el U.S. National Toxicology Program.

Resultados

El proyecto pretende conocer la frecuencia en España de los factores de riesgo medioambientales y constitucionales asociados al cáncer pediátrico. Analizando nuestra realidad se podrán formular hipótesis para futuros estudios epidemiológicos de casos-controles y de cohortes en el ámbito nacional y europeo, fomentando la instauración de políticas educativas y preventivas en la población española.

Conclusiones

Es necesaria la ayuda de todos los pediatras hospitalarios y extrahospitalarios que atienden a niños oncológicos, para que informen a los padres y les ofrezcan la posibilidad de colaborar voluntariamente en el proyecto “Medio ambiente y cáncer pediátrico”, contactando con la Unidad de Salud Medioambiental del Hospital Infantil La Fe de Valencia (www.pehsu.org). La colaboración de todos nuestros compañeros será fundamental para avanzar en el conocimiento de los factores de riesgo asociados a los cánceres pediátricos y conseguir su prevención a medio y largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Medio ambiente y cáncer pediátrico
Factores de riesgo
Historia medioambiental pediátrica
Unidad de salud medioambiental pediátrica
Background

Cancer is the final result of the variable combination of two determinants: endogenous or constitutional factors and exogenous or environmental factors. Between 85% and 96% of pediatric cancers (PC) are probably associated with environmental risk factors (RF), most of which have not been identified. The spectacular progress made in survival in PC contrasts with the lack of knowledge of the RF implicated in its etiopathogenesis.

Objective

1) To analyze up-to-date knowledge of the interaction among environmental RF in the etiopathogenesis of PC, and 2) to inform pediatricians of the “Environment and Pediatric Cancer” research project directed by the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit of the Hospital Infantil Universitari La Fe in Valencia (Spain).

Material and methods

Current medical records focus almost exclusively on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The Pediatric Environmental Medical Record will contain the validated items required to document and presence or absence of endogenous and exogenous RF associated with PC described in the literature, as well as the main human cancerogenic agents identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the US National Toxicology Program.

Results

The project aims to determine the frequency of endogenous and exogenous RF associated with PC in Spain. This project will enable hypotheses to be formulated for future epidemiologic case-control and cohort studies in Spain and other European countries, thus stimulating the introduction of educational and preventive policies in the Spanish population.

Conclusions

The project requires the aid of all hospital and non-hospital pediatricians involved in pediatric cancer in informing parents and offering them the possibility of voluntarily collaborating in the “Environment and Pediatric Cancer” project by contacting the Pediatric Health Specialty Unit (Unidad de Salud Medioambiental del Hospital Infantil La Fe de Valencia [www.pehsu.org]). The collaboration of our colleagues will be essential in gaining greater insight into the RF associated with PC and in achieving prevention in the medium and long term.

Keywords:
Environment and pediatric cancer
Risk factors
Pediatric environmental medical record
Pediatric environmental health unit
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