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Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 213-218 (1 September 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 3.
Pages 213-218 (1 September 2004)
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Infecciones respiratorias por metapneumovirus en lactantes hospitalizados
Respiratory infections due to metapneumovirus in hospitalized infants
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M.aL. García Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
marialuzgarcia@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Avda. Orellana, s/n. 28911 Leganés. Madrid. España.
, C. Calvo Reya, F. Martín del Vallea, M.R. López Huertasb, I. Casas Flechab, R. Díaz-Delgadoa, P. Pérez-Breñab
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Severo Ochoa. Leganés. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Virología. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Majadahonda. Madrid. España
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Antecedentes

El metapneumovirus humano es un virus de reciente descripción al que se atribuyen infecciones respiratorias que afectan fundamentalmente a la población infantil.

Objetivos

Conocer la incidencia de infecciones por metapneumovirus en lactantes hospitalizados, así como sus características clínicas y la posible presencia de coinfecciones con otros agentes virales.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio prospectivo realizado de septiembre a junio de 2003 en todos los niños menores de 2 años ingresados en la Unidad de Lactantes del Hospital Severo Ochoa de Leganés (Madrid), por infección respiratoria. La detección de agentes virales se realizó mediante recogida de aspirado nasofaríngeo y realización de inmunofluorescencia directa y/o reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-transcripción inversa (RT-PCR). Descripción de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los procesos respiratorios de los pacientes con detección positiva para metapneumovirus humano.

Resultados

Ingresaron 200 lactantes con patología respiratoria durante el período mencionado, de los cuales en 18 se detectó infección por metapneumovirus humano (9% de los pacientes). El metapneumovirus humano supuso un 13,8% de los aislamientos virales positivos. El 100 % de estos niños ingresaron en marzo-abril. La edad media fue de 6,7 ± 6,1 meses. El 38,8 % desarrolló una bronquiolitis y en el 55,5 % se objetivó un episodio recurrente de sibilancias. El 55,5 % de los niños precisó oxigenoterapia durante el ingreso. Se encontraron coinfecciones con otros agentes virales en el 33,3 % de estos pacientes.

Conclusiones

El metapneumovirus humano es un agente viral muy frecuente en los lactantes afectados de enfermedad respiratoria, causando fundamentalmente bronquiolitis y episodios recurrentes de sibilancias. Es más frecuente en primavera y tiene una alta tendencia a la coinfección con otros virus.

Palabras clave:
Infecciones respiratorias
Lactantes
Metapneumovirus humano
Background

Human metapneumovirus (hPMV) is a recently identified virus that is recognized as a cause of respiratory tract illness in the pediatric population.

Objectives

To determine the incidence of respiratory tract infections caused by hPMV in hospitalized infants and to describe the clinical characteristics and possible presence of coinfection with other viral agents.

Patients and methods

We performed a prospective study from September to June 2003 in all children aged less than 24 months who were admitted to the Severo Ochoa Hospital (Leganés, Madrid) with a respiratory tract infection. Virological diagnosis was made with a direct immunofluorescent assay and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on specimens obtained from nasopharyngeal washing. Demographic and clinical data from patients with an hPMV respiratory tract infection were analyzed.

Results

During the study period, 200 infants were admitted with a respiratory tract infection, of which 18 (9 %) had an hPMV infection. HPMV was the viral agent isolated in 13.8% of positive nasopharyngeal washings. All patients were admitted between March and April. The mean age was 6.7 ± 6.1 months. The most common diagnoses were recurrent wheezing (55.5 %) and bronchiolitis (38.8%). Oxygen therapy was required by 55.5 % of infants during hospitalization. Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was confirmed in 33.3% of the patients.

Conclusions

Human metapneumovirus is a major cause of respiratory tract illness in hospitalized infants. This virus causes mainly bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing and is more frequent in spring. Coinfection with other respiratory viruses is frequent.

Key words:
Respiratory tract infection
Infants
Human metapneumovirus
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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