Incidencia de rinitis alérgica en escolares entre 1994 y 2002 en Castellón según el estudio ISAAC

Tornador-Gaya, E.; Tosca-Segura, R.; Arnedo-Pena, A.; Puig-Barberá, J.; Bellido-Blasco, J.B.; Pac-Sa, M.ªR.; Artero-Civera, A.; Campos-Cruañes, J.B.; Museros-Recatala, L.

doi:10.1157/13098933

Article information

Objetivo

Estimar la incidencia de rinitis alérgica en población escolar de Castellón al comparar las fases I y III del International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), efectuadas en 1994 y 2002, respectivamente.

Material y métodos

Se estudió una cohorte de 3.607 escolares que participaron en la fase I (grupo de 6 y 7 años). De ellos, 8 años más tarde, participaron en la fase III 1.805 (grupo de 14 y 15 años), con 1.627 escolares sin rinitis alérgica en la fase I. Se estimó la incidencia acumulada de rinitis alérgica. Se utilizaron dos definiciones como caso nuevo de rinitis alérgica, la primera por diagnóstico o tratamiento médico de la rinitis alérgica y la segunda incluyendo, además, síntomas en los últimos 12 meses. Se calculó el riesgo relativo mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson.

Resultados

La participación alcanzó el 50 % y se detectaron 151 casos nuevos de rinitis alérgica según la primera definición (incidencia acumulada 9,3 y 1,2 % anual), y 339 casos nuevos con la segunda definición (incidencia acumulada 20,8 y 2,6 % anual). No se observaron diferencias por sexo para la primera definición (riesgo relativo RR]: 1,00; intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC 95%]: 0,73-1,38), pero con la segunda definición las mujeres tuvieron mayor incidencia (RR: 1,46; IC 95 %: 1,18-1,82).

Conclusiones

La incidencia acumulada de rinitis alérgica según la primera definición fue comparable a las estimadas en estudios de cohorte de poblaciones adolescentes.

Palabras clave:

Rinitis alérgica

Incidencia

Adolescentes

Objective

To estimate the incidence of allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren in Castellón by comparing phases I and III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), carried out in 1994 and 2002, respectively.

Material and methods

A cohort study was performed with 3607 schoolchildren aged 6-7 years old who participated in phase I of the ISAAC study. Of these, 1805 participated in phase III (8 years later) at the age of 14-15 years, with 1627 schoolchildren without allergic rhinitis in phase I. The cumulative incidence of allergic rhinitis was estimated. Two definitions of new cases of allergic rhinitis were used: the first was based on medical diagnosis or treatment of the disease, and the second also included symptoms of allergic rhinitis in the previous 12 months. Relative risks were calculated using Poisson regression.

Results

Participation was 50.0%, and 151 new cases of allergic rhinitis according to the first definition (cumulative incidence of 9.3% and 1.2% per year) and 339 new cases according to the second definition (cumulative incidence of 20.8 % and 2.6% per year) were found. No differences in incidence by gender were observed with the first definition (RR = 1.00 95 % CI 0.73-1.38) but with the second definition, the incidence was greater in girls (RR = 1.46 95% CI 1.18-1.82).

Conclusions

The cumulative incidence of allergic rhinitis according to the first definition was in the range of incidence from cohort studies of adolescents.

Key words:

Allergic rhinitis

Incidence

Adolescents

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