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Vol. 61. Issue 6.
Pages 502-508 (1 December 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 6.
Pages 502-508 (1 December 2004)
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Hipomagnesemia familiar con hipercalciuria y nefrocalcinosis y asociación con alteraciones oculares
Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. association with ocular abnormalities
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C. Loris Pabloa,
Corresponding author
cloris@salud.aragob.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Nefrología Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil Universitario Miguel Servet. Avda. Isabel La Católica, 1. 50006 Zaragoza. España
, C. Martín de Vicentea, S. Abio Alberoa, M. Justa Roldána, C. Ferrer Novellab
a Unidad de Nefrología Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
b Servicio de Oftalmología. Hospital Infantil Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
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Antecedentes

La hipomagnesemia familiar con hipercalciuria y nefrocalcinosis es una enfermedad rara que sin tratamiento específico suele conducir a insuficiencia renal terminal y que en grado variable presenta alteraciones oculares. La enfermedad se debe a un defecto en la reabsorción de magnesio y calcio en el segmento grueso de la rama ascendente del asa de Henle debido a una mutación del gen PCLN1, que codifica una proteína, la paracelina-1, que interviene en la reabsorción de ambos cationes.

Objetivo

Revisar la evolución clínica de nuestros pacientes y la incidencia de anomalías oculares en nuestros casos y en los casos descritos procedentes de España, comparándola con grupos de otros países.

Método

Estudio retrospectivo de un grupo de pacientes con esta enfermedad diagnosticados en un hospital.

Resultados

Se presentan 6 niñas y 3 niños con síntomas de poliuria, polidipsia y en menor frecuencia infección del tracto urinario y litiasis. Todos tenían hipomagnesemia, hipercalciuria y nefrocalcinosis. Cinco presentaban insuficiencia renal al ser diagnosticados y cuatro fueron trasplantados sin presentar recidiva de su enfermedad. Ocho presentaban anomalías oculares diversas. El 81 % de los pacientes españoles presentaron anomalías oculares frente al 24 % de otros países.

No existe evidencia de tratamiento eficaz.

Conclusion

Casi la mitad de los casos presentaron insuficiencia renal crónica en el momento del diagnóstico y la mayoría de los pacientes alcanzan la insuficiencia renal terminal en la segunda o tercera década de la vida. Sólo los casos de diagnóstico en edades tempranas tenían un filtrado glomerular normal. La asociación extrarrenal más frecuente en pacientes españoles (81 %) corresponde a alteraciones ocu-lares. El tratamiento efectivo es el trasplante renal, que corrige completamente el trastorno tubular.

Palabras clave:
Hipomagnesemia
Hipercalciuria
Nefrocalcinosis
Insuficiencia renal crónica
Coloboma macular
Background

Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is an unusual disease that usually leads to end-stage renal failure. There is no specific treatment and, to a variable degree, patients with this disease present ocular abnormalities. The illness is due to a defect in the reabsorption of magnesium and calcium at the thick ascending limb of Henle because of a mutation of the PCLN-1 gene, which encodes a protein, paracellin-1, which intervenes in the reabsorption of both cations.

Objective

To review outcome and the incidence of ocular abnormalities in our patients and in cases described in Spain and to compare the incidence found with that in groups from other countries.

Method

Retrospective study of a group of patients with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis diagnosed at a hospital.

Results

There were six girls and three boys with clinical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and less frequently, urinary tract infections and lithiasis. All had hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Five of the patients had renal failure at diagnosis and four underwent transplantation without recurrence. Eight patients had diverse ocular abnormalities. Eighty-one percent of Spanish patients had ocular abnormalities compared with 24 % of those from other countries.

There was no evidence of successful medical treatment.

Conclusions

Almost half of the patients presented chronic renal failure at diagnosis and most of the patients reached end-stage renal failure in the second or third decade of life. Normal glomerular filtration rate was found only in patients diagnosed at an early age. The most frequent extra-renal association in Spanish patients (81 %) corresponded to ocular abnormalities. Effective treatment consists of kidney transplantation that completely corrects the tubular disorder.

Keywords:
Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalciuria
Nephrocalcinosis
Chronic renal failure
Macular coloboma
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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