Article information
Objetivo
La finalidad del presente trabajo es divulgar entre los pediatras los factores de riesgo asociados al linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) durante las épocas pediátrica y adulta.
MétodosRevisión bibliográfica de los últimos 25 años obtenida principalmente del Medline, IAR Cancer y Cancerlit sobre los factores de riesgo de LH. Se han seleccionado los trabajos más interesantes y de sus referencias se han recuperado los más relevantes de los años previos a la búsqueda.
ResultadosLos principales factores de riesgo asociados con mayor o menor consistencia al desarrollo de LH son los siguientes: a) genéticos (variaciones en las regiones de la clase II HLA); b) infecciosos (virus de Epstein-Barr); c) ambiente infantil y clase social; d) inmunodeficiencias congénitas y adquiridas; e) condiciones médicas, y f) exposiciones profesionales (industria de la madera y derivados).
ConclusionesLa etiología de la mayoría de los LH es desconocida. Los factores de riesgo convincentemente asociados a un mayor riesgo de LH son: a) genético-familiares; b) virus de Epstein-Barr (mononucleosis infecciosa); c) inmunodeficiencias congénitas y adquiridas, y d) exposición ocupacional a la industria de la madera y derivados.
Palabras clave:
Factores de riesgo
Linfoma de Hodgkin
Virus de Epstein- Barr
Mononucleosis infecciosa
Inmunodeficiencias
Industria maderera
Objective
To divulge the risk factors associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in children and adults among pediatricians.
MethodsWe performed a literature review of the last 25 years through the Medline, IAR Cancer, and Cancerlit databases. The search profile was “HL risk factors”. The most interesting papers, as well as those cited and published more than 25 years prior to the search, were selected.
ResultsThe following risk factors for HL were reported with greater or lesser evidence: a) genetic (variation in the HLA class II region); b) viral infections (Epstein-Barr virus); c) childhood environment and socio-economic status; d) congenital and acquired immunodeficiency; e) medical conditions and f) occupational exposure (the wood industry and its derivatives).
ConclusionsThe etiology of most HL is unknown. The most important risk factors are: 1) genetic; 2) Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis); 3) congenital and acquired immunodeficiency; 4) occupational exposure (the wood industry).
Key words:
Risk factors
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Epstein-Barr virus
Infectious mononucleosis
Immunodeficiency
Wood industry
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