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Vol. 58. Issue 3.
Pages 241-251 (1 March 2003)
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Vol. 58. Issue 3.
Pages 241-251 (1 March 2003)
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Estudio longitudinal de crecimiento de recién nacidos pretérmino
Longitudinal study of the growth of preterm newborn infants
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J. Rodríguez García
Corresponding author
jrodriguezgarc@medynet.com

Correspondencia: San Antonio, 8. 30870 Mazarrón. Murcia. España
, V.M.a Bosch Giménez, M.A. Alonso García, E. Borrajo Guadarrama, D. Pérez Flores
Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Infantil Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
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Antecedentes

Es importante la valoración adecuada del crecimiento y nutrición de los recién nacidos pretérmino. Es preciso para ello disponer de valores de referencia de normalidad, obtenidos de la población que se va a estudiar

Objetivos

Estudiar el crecimiento posnatal de nuestros recién nacidos pretérmino, y comparar este crecimiento con el crecimiento intrauterino

Pacientes

Se incluyen 103 recién nacidos pretérmino de 28 a 36 semanas de gestación, ingresados en el Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen de la Arrixaca de Murcia en el período comprendido entre abril de 1994 y junio de 1995. Se seleccionaron niños captados en las primeras 24 h de vida, sin condiciones prenatales que afectaran al crecimiento. Se excluyeron aquellos que sufrían enfermedad grave. Se realizó el estudio desde el nacimiento hasta las semanas 48 a 52 de edad posconcepcional. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión en dos etapas como método estadístico para el cálculo de las gráficas de percentiles

Resultados

Se construyeron gráficas de crecimiento de percentiles para los siguientes parámetros: peso, longitud, perímetro de brazo, perímetro cefálico, pliegue subescapular y pliegue tricipital. El crecimiento posnatal de los recién nacidos pretérmino en peso y longitud es uniforme, progresivo, prácticamente lineal, y no muestra el aplanamiento característico del crecimiento intrauterino. Otros segmentos corporales como perímetro cefálico, perímetro de brazo, experimentan una cierta disminución de la velocidad de crecimiento a las 42 o 43 semanas de edad posconcepcional, los pliegues muestran moderada dispersión de valores al avanzar el período de estudio

Conclusiones

Las gráficas de crecimiento intrauterino no son adecuadas para valorar el crecimiento posnatal del recién nacido pretérmino

Palabras clave:
Recién nacido pretérmino
Crecimiento posnatal
Crecimiento intrauterino
Background

The growth and nutrition of premature infants should be accurately assessed. To do this, reference values of normality, obtained from population to be studied, are required

Objectives

To study the postnatal growth of premature infants in our environment and to compare their growth with intrauterine growth (Lubchenco et al)

Patients

A total of 103 premature infants born at 28-36 weeks of gestation in the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children's Hospital in Murcia (Spain) from April 1994 to June 1995 were studied. Children who received medical care during the first 24 hours of life and who had no prenatal condition that could affect their growth were selected. Those who suffered from serious disease were excluded. The study was carried out from birth to a postconceptional age of 48-52 weeks. The 2-step regression model was used to calculate the percentile graphs

Results

Percentile growth graphs were drawn up for the following variables: weight, length, arm circumference, head circumference, subscapular fold, and tricipital fold. In premature infants, postnatal growth in weight and length was uniform, progressive, and practically linear and did not show the flattening that is characteristic of intrauterine growth. Other corporal segments such as the head and arm circumference showed a certain slowing down at a postconceptional age of 42 or 43 weeks, and the folds showed a moderate dispersion of values as the study progressed

Conclusions

Intrauterine growth charts do not accurately assess postnatal growth in premature infants

Key words:
Premature infant
Postnatal growth
Intrauterine growth
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