Scientific Letter
Radiofrequency treatment of the ganglion impar in incapacitating and multirefractory proctalgia
Tratamiento con radiofrecuencia del ganglio impar en la proctalgia incapacitante y multirrefractaria
Pablo Oliver Goicoleaa,
, Maria Pilar Plou Garciab, Ana Belen Adell Pérezb, Ane Etxart Lopetegic, Estibaliz Achurra Adánd
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Mendaro, OSI Debabarrena, Mendaro, Gipuzkoa, Spain
b Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, HU Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
c Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General, HU Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
d Unidad de Suelo Pélvico, Centro Quironsalud Plaza Euskadi, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
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Genotyping was performed by high-throughput whole-genome sequencing with pair-end reads using the commercial kit NexteraTM DNA Flex Library Preparation Kit and the NextSeq sequencing system (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). The DNA was extracted with the Maxwell RSC automated platform (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin, USA). The obtained sequences were assembled with the software tools SPAdesversion 3.15.4 and PROKKA version 1.12. Clustering was carried out with the software Ridom SeqSphere + version 6.0.2 using the scheme defined for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escherichia coli</span> (2528 loci) and establishing a threshold of 10 alleles for the detection of clusters.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Álvaro Vázquez-Pérez, Silvia Herrera-León, Juan Luis Santos-Pérez, José Gutiérrez-Fernández" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Álvaro" "apellidos" => "Vázquez-Pérez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Silvia" "apellidos" => "Herrera-León" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Luis" "apellidos" => "Santos-Pérez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-Fernández" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1695403323001856" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.09.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1695403323001856?idApp=UINPBA00005H" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S234128792300282X?idApp=UINPBA00005H" "url" => "/23412879/0000010000000001/v1_202401141514/S234128792300282X/v1_202401141514/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2341287923002806" "issn" => "23412879" "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpede.2023.11.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01" "aid" => "3499" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Pediatría" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "An Pediatr (Barc). 2024;100:57-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letters</span>" "titulo" => "Acute laryngitis in a paediatric emergency department before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Has anything changed?" 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"pablo.oliver2@gmail.com" 1 => "pablo.olivergoicolea@osakidetza.eus" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Maria Pilar" "apellidos" => "Plou Garcia" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ana Belen" "apellidos" => "Adell Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ane" "apellidos" => "Etxart Lopetegi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Estibaliz" "apellidos" => "Achurra Adán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Mendaro, OSI Debabarrena, Mendaro, Gipuzkoa, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad del Dolor, Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, HU Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General, HU Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Suelo Pélvico, Centro Quironsalud Plaza Euskadi, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tratamiento con radiofrecuencia del ganglio impar en la proctalgia incapacitante y multirrefractaria" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 936 "Ancho" => 2091 "Tamanyo" => 107009 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluoroscopy-guided ganglion impar block with pulse radiofrequency. Sensory stimulation at 0.5 mV. Treatment parameters: 42 °C, 6 min + injection of 0.5% bupivacaine and triamcinolone.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Proctalgia consists of pain in the anal region of varied aetiology. The most frequent causes are anal fissure, pudendal neuralgia, levator ani syndrome, coccygodynia, proctalgia fugax, hypertrophy of the internal anal sphincter, visceral hypersensitivity, anxiety and anorectal dyssynergia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> In children, the pain is intermittent and transient and usually responds to customary management, such as sitz baths or topical remedies, although in some cases it requires more specific and invasive treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a boy aged 8 years with no relevant history who visited the paediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic for evaluation of anal pain of several weeks’ duration.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient reported episodes of intense anal pain (rated 10 on a 10-point scale) that occurred intermittently (sometimes daily for a whole week), prolonged (lasting several hours) and utterly disabling, with a significant deleterious impact on his quality of life. They were not associated with any trigger and occurred even with the patient at rest. For 5 years, the pain episodes persisted despite multiple treatments, such as warm sitz baths, inhaled salbutamol, topical nitroglycerine, topical diltiazem, topical steroids, oral lorazepam, oral and intravenous metamizole, oral mebendazole, oral cyproheptadine, oral oxcarbazepine oral, psychotherapy and pelvic floor rehabilitation (electrical stimulation of posterior tibial nerve, biofeedback and radiofrequency stimulation of the anal canal). Pudendal nerve block, with CT-guided injection of medication, achieved temporary improvement, but the pain eventually recurred. The parents refused injection of botulinum toxin.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The general results of the laboratory and imaging tests were absence of inflammation based on serum levels of inflammatory markers, and absence of abnormal features in the rectosigmoidoscopy, anal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The anorectal manometry evinced considerable elevation of anal pressure with a normal recto-anal inhibitory reflex.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the persistence of the problem and its impact on everyday quality of life, combined with the lack of response to multiple treatments, the patient was referred to the pain unit of the department of anaesthesia, where he underwent bilateral pulse radiofrequency of the ganglion impar (ganglion of Walther) at age 14 years (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The treatment was delivered in 2 sessions, one guided by ultrasound and the other one by fluoroscopy, with the following settings: 42 °C, 6 min, 0.5 V + injection of 0.5% bupivacaine and triamcinolone. Following the sessions, the patient experienced transient pain, with no subsequent side effects, and the proctalgia improved gradually until its full resolution. Currently, at 2 years post treatment, the patient remains completely asymptomatic and has not experienced any recurrences. If the pain were to recur, he would be treated with additional pulsed radiofrequency sessions.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, anal pain can be long-lasting and disabling in some children, seriously affecting quality of life. In cases refractory to conventional treatment, pulsed radiofrequency of the ganglion impar should be considered, as it is safe and effective.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Previous meeting</span>: This case was presented as a poster communication at the XXVIII Congress of the Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica, June 2022.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 936 "Ancho" => 2091 "Tamanyo" => 107009 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fluoroscopy-guided ganglion impar block with pulse radiofrequency. Sensory stimulation at 0.5 mV. Treatment parameters: 42 °C, 6 min + injection of 0.5% bupivacaine and triamcinolone.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Anorectal and pelvic pain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.E. Bharucha" 1 => "T.H. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2024 October | 293 | 48 | 341 |
| 2024 September | 66 | 43 | 109 |
| 2024 August | 115 | 110 | 225 |
| 2024 July | 96 | 44 | 140 |
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| 2024 May | 82 | 57 | 139 |
| 2024 April | 81 | 29 | 110 |
| 2024 March | 70 | 29 | 99 |
| 2024 February | 59 | 35 | 94 |
| 2024 January | 185 | 72 | 257 |
