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antibiotherapy was discontinued on account of the negative culture results&#44; and the patient showed clinical improvement with a gradual decrease in oxygen requirements and resolution of apnoea&#44; and he was discharged at 9 days from admission&#46; Serological tests conducted at admission were IgM<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> and IgG<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#44; with evidence of seroconversion at day 16 from onset &#40;IgM<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#44; IgG<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The case presented here was a case of horizontal transmission&#44; as the patient lived with other 8 individuals in the household&#44; of who 3 reported cold symptoms&#44; which led to testing of household members despite the absence of fever&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We ought to highlight the importance of the chest ultrasound&#44; an aspect that has not been described in previously published pediatric cases&#44; as it detects abnormalities at an earlier stage compared to the X-ray&#46; In our patient&#44; it revealed abnormalities before the development of apnoeic episodes and need for supplemental oxygen&#44; abnormalities that were undetectable in the plain radiograph&#44; and it is the method currently used in the triage of adult patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> We did not find evidence of the gastrointestinal symptoms described in other cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further research is required to establish the lung ultrasound features found in patients with COVID-19 and the course of the disease in the neonatal population&#44; and any household members with mild cold symptoms should be tested to prevent transmission in this age group&#46; In the context of the current pandemic&#44; it is important to include the RT-PCR test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the assessment of the febrile neonate&#44; as indicated by current protocols&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> taking into account the role of the viral load in this age group as it is done in adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span>"
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Scientific Letter
Usefulness of chest ultrasound in a neonatal infection due to SARS-CoV-2
Utilidad de la ecografía torácica en infección neonatal por SARS-CoV-2
Ana Pineda Caplliurea,b, Manuel Porcar Almelaa,b,
Corresponding author
dr.porcaralmela@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Andrea Navarro Alberta, Elvira Muñoz Vicentea, Beatriz Mansilla Roiga
a Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
b Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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test for SARS-CoV-2&#44; describing the clinical presentation&#44; diagnosis&#44; treatment and outcome of the patient&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical case&#58;</span> male neonate aged 10 days brought to the primary care center with fever&#44; with a rectal temperature of 38&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C and no other symptoms&#44; with good tolerance of formula feeding&#46; The neonate was referred to the emergency department and admitted to hospital to evaluate the fever without a source&#46; The mother&#44; aged 26 years&#44; had received prenatal care&#44; with normal antenatal ultrasounds and a spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#43;</span> weeks of gestation&#44; in the absence of perinatal risk factors for infection &#40;negative for &#946;-haemolytic streptococcus and a total duration of ruptured of membranes of 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&#44; a birth weight of 3220<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g and Apgar scores of 10&#47;10&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relevant history consisted of a household environment with the father&#44; mother and paternal grandfather experiencing cold symptoms&#44; cough and nasal discharge in the absence of fever&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The evaluation included blood tests&#44; blood culture&#44; urinalysis&#44; lumbar puncture&#44; collection of nasopharyngeal aspirate to test for the presence of adenovirus&#44; influenza A and B&#44; respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 with the RT-PCR test&#46; Empiric antibiotherapy was initiated while awaiting the results of culture and viral testing&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the tests performed at admission were as follows&#58; complete blood count with normal red blood cell indices&#44; a white blood cell count of 7&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#47;L with 40&#46;5&#37; lymphocytes and 21&#46;6&#37; monocytes&#59; procalcitonin&#44; 0&#46;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#59; C-reactive protein &#60;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#59; normal findings of examination of cerebrospinal fluid and normal findings of urinalysis&#46; The RT-PCR test was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and negative for all other viruses&#46; Given this result&#44; both parents underwent the RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2&#44; which turned out positive&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At admission&#44; the infant presented with a temperature of 36&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; a heart rate &#40;HR&#41; of 144<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bpm&#44; a respiratory rate &#40;RR&#41; of 42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bpm and an oxygen saturation of 100&#37; in room air&#44; well-appearing&#44; with good peripheral perfusion and good bilateral inspiration without no abnormal breath sounds&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h from admission&#44; the RR increased to 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bpm and the HR in the 160&#8211;180<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bpm range&#44; which prompted performance of a chest X-ray and echocardiography&#44; both with normal findings&#44; and a chest ultrasound that revealed pleural thickening&#44; converging B-lines in the posterior chest and subpleural consolidation at the lung base level of the right hemithorax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46; Subsequently&#44; the patient developed apnoea&#44; and capillary blood gas analysis detected mild carbon dioxide retention &#40;pH&#44; 7&#46;38&#59; pCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; 48&#46;4&#44; bicarbonate&#44; 26&#46;4&#59; lactate&#44; 1&#46;2&#41;&#44; leading to initiation of treatment with caffeine and administration of supplemental oxygen in the incubator with a peak FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> of 0&#46;3&#46; On day 3 from admission&#44; antibiotherapy was discontinued on account of the negative culture results&#44; and the patient showed clinical improvement with a gradual decrease in oxygen requirements and resolution of apnoea&#44; and he was discharged at 9 days from admission&#46; Serological tests conducted at admission were IgM<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> and IgG<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#44; with evidence of seroconversion at day 16 from onset &#40;IgM<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span>&#44; IgG<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#43;</span>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The case presented here was a case of horizontal transmission&#44; as the patient lived with other 8 individuals in the household&#44; of who 3 reported cold symptoms&#44; which led to testing of household members despite the absence of fever&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We ought to highlight the importance of the chest ultrasound&#44; an aspect that has not been described in previously published pediatric cases&#44; as it detects abnormalities at an earlier stage compared to the X-ray&#46; In our patient&#44; it revealed abnormalities before the development of apnoeic episodes and need for supplemental oxygen&#44; abnormalities that were undetectable in the plain radiograph&#44; and it is the method currently used in the triage of adult patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> We did not find evidence of the gastrointestinal symptoms described in other cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further research is required to establish the lung ultrasound features found in patients with COVID-19 and the course of the disease in the neonatal population&#44; and any household members with mild cold symptoms should be tested to prevent transmission in this age group&#46; In the context of the current pandemic&#44; it is important to include the RT-PCR test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the assessment of the febrile neonate&#44; as indicated by current protocols&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> taking into account the role of the viral load in this age group as it is done in adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 23412879
Original language: English
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Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
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