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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum &#40;PAIVS&#41; and critical pulmonary stenosis &#40;CPS&#41; are rare forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> where pulmonary blood flow depends on the ductus arteriosus&#46; There is significant morphologic heterogeneity among patients with PAIVS&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and the selection criteria for univentricular or biventricular repair are under debate&#46; The right ventricle &#40;RV&#41; morphology&#44; the initial tricuspid valve &#40;TV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and the presence of coronary artery to right ventricle fistulae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and&#47;or right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> may influence the decision in favour of the biventricular or the univentricular pathway&#46; However&#44; CPS is different from PAIVS in that the RV and the TV dimensions are close to normal&#44; which makes biventricular repair possible&#46; Historically&#44; some groups have considered the presence of coronary artery to RV fistulae a contraindication for decompression of the right ventricle&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main treatment goal in the neonatal period is to achieve anterograde flow across the RV outflow tract with the aim to improve systemic arterial oxygenation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Both surgical and percutaneous-based procedures<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;10&#8211;15</span></a> have been described in the literature to relieve the RV obstruction and promote RV growth and a greater likelihood of a biventricular repair later in life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no question that the selected approach will have an impact on the quality of life&#44; morbidity and mortality of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Since PAIVS and CPS are rare congenital heart diseases&#44; most published studies included fewer than 30 patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> making it difficult to draw conclusions about treatment strategies&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to review the medium- and long-term outcomes of PAIVS and CPS patients over 20 years&#44; including patients with coronary artery fistulae&#44; and identify factors that differ between both groups&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective descriptive study in which we identified all patients with a diagnosis of PAIVS or CPS admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between January 1996 and January 2018&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was done in adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of PAIVS or CPS&#44; regardless of the size or characteristics of the right ventricle&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We excluded patients with ventricular septal defects&#44; with either discordant atrioventricular and&#47;or ventriculoarterial connections or with other major cardiovascular anomalies&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included a total of 51 patients&#46; For each patient&#44; we reviewed the available health records&#44; echocardiograms&#44; angiograms and operative reports&#46; We retrieved data on the following variables from the health records&#58; gestational age&#44; weight&#44; sex&#44; initial intervention offered&#44; complications&#44; need for subsequent additional interventions in survivors and the type of intervention&#44; and further management for biventricular or univentricular circulation&#46; We also collected the age at death and cause of death in patients that did not survive&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We classified patients into severity subgroups &#40;mild&#44; moderate or severe hypoplasia&#41; according the TV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> partite status&#44; RV outflow tract diameter and presence coronary artery to RV fistulae&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Management in the neonatal period</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the diagnosis of PAIVS or CPS was made&#44; the patient was given intravenous prostaglandin E1 on an urgent basis at an initial dose that ranged between 0&#46;005 and 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;kg&#47;min&#46; The dose was then reduced to the lowest possible that guaranteed an oxygen saturation of around 90&#37;&#46; None of the patients underwent balloon atrial septostomy&#46; Once the newborns were stable enough and pulmonary vascular resistance had decreased below the systemic arterial blood pressure&#44; they were transferred to the catheterisation laboratory&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of the study&#44; the approach for newborns with PAIVS or CPS involved transcatheter balloon-assisted techniques with or without radiofrequency perforation of the pulmonary valve&#46; If the patient required radiofrequency perforation&#44; it was performed with a 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>F cable with 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W of energy administered for 1&#8211;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s under fluoroscopic guidance&#46; If the perforation was successful&#44; the pulmonary valve was dilated with a balloon measuring 1&#46;2&#8211;1&#46;4 times the pulmonary annulus&#46; A procedure was considered successful when it achieved a gradient of less than 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg across the right ventricular outflow tract&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prostaglandin infusion was maintained for some days after establishment of antegrade pulmonary blood flow if the oxygen saturation remained below 92&#37;&#46; An additional shunt was considered in cases where it was not possible to wean the patient off prostaglandin&#46; If oxygen saturation exceeded 92&#37;&#44; prostaglandin infusion was discontinued&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ductal stent placement was the first treatment option in cases considered to require an additional shunt&#46; In these patients&#44; we discontinued prostaglandin infusion 4&#8211;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h before the procedure&#46; The usual approach for the procedure was through femoral arterial access&#44; with placement of a stent of up to 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm of diameter across the duct from the aortic side&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In cases where ductal stenting was not possible &#40;newborns with an aneurysm in the ductus or a tortuous ductus&#44; or low-birth-weight newborns&#41;&#44; the next option to consider was a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt&#46; The technique used most commonly for this was a right-sided modified Blalock-Taussig shunt &#40;BTS&#41;&#46; The location of the shunt was chosen based on anatomic considerations&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We did not exclude performance of this procedure in patients with coronary artery to RV fistulae&#44; and they were also treated as described&#46; The diagnosis of coronary artery fistulae was initially made by means of echocardiography and subsequently confirmed in the catheterisation laboratory&#46; In this group of patients&#44; the pulmonary valve was dilated progressively with balloons of different sizes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Additional procedures</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The decision whether to perform a biventricular repair&#44; one-and-a-half ventricular repair or univentricular palliation was based on right ventricle function and growth&#46; We considered biventricular repair successful when extrapulmonary flow was not necessary after closure of the atrial septal defect or when there was no systemic desaturation in the absence of right-to-left interatrial shunt as evinced by echocardiography &#40;oxygen saturation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>92&#37;&#41;&#46; One-and-a-half ventricular repair consisted in the combination of anterograde flow across the tricuspid and pulmonary valves with a superior cavopulmonary anastomosis &#40;Glenn&#41; or a bidirectional shunt across an atrial septal defect in patients that did not undergo Glenn surgery with an oxygen saturation of less than 92&#37;&#46; Univentricular palliation was defined as Glenn surgery with no anterograde flow across the pulmonary valve or total cavopulmonary connection &#40;Fontan&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We summarised patient variables using standard descriptive statistics&#44; expressing normally distributed continuous variables as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#44; skewed continuous variables as median and range&#44; and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies&#46; We assessed differences in patient-dependent variables based on several outcomes of interest using the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; the log-rank test or the Pearson chi-square test as appropriate&#46; We calculated survival rates using the Kaplan&#8211;Meier method&#46; We defined statistical significance as established a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value of less than &#46;05 in any of the tests&#46; The statistical analysis was performed with the software IBM SPSS version 22&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 51 patients were admitted to our hospital with CPS &#40;23 patients&#41; or PAIVS &#40;28 patients&#41;&#46; Of those&#44; 9 &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41; had coronary artery to RV fistulae&#46; The diagnosis was prenatal in 39 patients &#40;76&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Only 2 of them received a prenatal diagnosis of coronary artery to RV fistulae&#46; Twenty-seven patients &#40;52&#46;9&#37;&#41; were female&#44; and 8 &#40;15&#46;7&#37;&#41; born preterm &#40;at &#60;37 weeks&#8217; gestational age&#41;&#46; The incidence of extracardiac anomalies was higher in patients with PAIVS compared to patients with CPS &#40;21&#46;4&#37; vs 4&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;037&#41;&#46; The detected extracardiac anomalies were polycystic kidney disease in 2&#44; intestinal malrotation in 2&#44; pyloric stenosis in 1&#44; ventriculomegaly in 1 and white matter abnormality in 1&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> compares the RV partite status and TV characteristics in patients with PAIVS and patients with CPS&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Neonatal management</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median age of the patients at the time of the first intervention was 8 days &#40;range&#44; 2&#8211;20&#41; and the median weight 3&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg &#40;range&#44; 2&#46;6&#8211;3&#46;5&#41;&#46; The median age at the time of the first procedure in the catheterisation lab was 6 days &#40;range&#44; 2&#8211;18&#41;&#44; at the time of ductal stenting 12 days &#40;7&#8211;24 days&#41; and at the time of BTS 10 days &#40;6&#8211;17 days&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> compares major features between both groups&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> summarises the procedures performed in the neonatal period&#46; When it came to severity of disease&#44; PAIVS patients required mechanical ventilation longer than CPS patients &#40;3 days &#91;range&#44; 1&#8211;56&#93; vs 1 day &#91;range&#44; 1&#8211;7&#93;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41;&#46; When we took into account the presence of coronary artery to RV fistulae&#44; we did not find any additional differences in postoperative outcomes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two patients &#40;2&#46;8&#37;&#41; died during neonatal management&#46; One had PAIVS and the other CPS&#46; Neither had a coronary artery to RV fistula&#46; One patient developed low cardiac output syndrome after ductal stenting due to circular shunting resulting from pulmonary and tricuspid valve regurgitation and a dysfunctional right ventricle&#46; The patient did not respond to an emergency ductal ligation and developed severe neurologic damage&#46; Another patient&#44; who had an associated diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome&#44; had a cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation during catheterisation&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None of the patients that underwent percutaneous opening of the pulmonary valve suffered RV outflow tract perforation&#46; We did not perform atrial septostomy in any of our patients during the neonatal period&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Long-term outcomes</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median duration of followup from the time of admission in the overall sample was 8&#46;9 years &#40;range&#44; 1&#8211;16&#41;&#46; A total of 7 patients &#40;13&#46;7&#37;&#41; died during the followup&#46; At the time of this writing&#44; 34 patients &#40;85&#37;&#41; had achieved biventricular circulation&#44; 3 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41; underwent 1&#46;5-ventricular repair successfully&#44; and 3 &#40;7&#46;5&#37;&#41; had univentricular palliation&#46; In the biventricular pathway subset&#44; 10 patients required percutaneous closure of the atrium septal defect&#46; Two patients in the PAIVS survivors group underwent the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt procedure but have not been scheduled yet for Fontan procedure&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> summarises these results&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it came to patients with coronary artery to right ventricle fistulae&#44; 7 currently have biventricular circulation and 2 univentricular circulation&#46; There were no deaths in this group&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> presents a flow chart of these outcomes&#46; Eight patients achieved biventricular circulation even though the initial percutaneous-based opening of the RV outflow tract was not successful&#46; The mean New York Heart Association functional grading was 1&#46;2 in the patients with biventricular repair&#44; 1&#46;3 in those with 1&#46;5-ventricular repair and 2&#46;0 in those with univentricular palliation&#46; We found no differences between groups when took into consideration the presence or absence of coronary artery to RV fistulae&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the entire sample including patients with coronary artery fistulae&#44; the estimated overall survival at 1&#44; 5 and 10 years after the initial hospital admission was 95&#37; for all timepoints in the CPS group and 80&#37;&#44; 70&#37; and 68&#37; in the PAIVS group &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lastly&#44; none of the patients in the sample under study experienced complications such as RV rupture during the catheterisation procedure or required balloon atrial septostomy&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outcomes were better in patients with CPS compared to those with PAIVS&#46; Most studies published to date have included patients with CPS and PAIVS in the same category&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> but there is enough evidence to consider these heart diseases as separate entities&#46; An aggressive approach with early opening of the pulmonary valve is associated with a better functional class&#44; which in turn allows a biventricular or a 1&#46;5 ventricular definitive repair&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Survival in our overall sample was similar to the survival reported in previous studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;25</span></a> When we stratified by type of congenital heart defect&#44; we found that the 1-year survival was 95&#46;7&#37; in the CPS group compared to the 80&#37; in the PAIVS group at the same age&#46; As we mentioned above&#44; most of the studies in the literature include patients with CPS and with PAIVS in the same groups&#44; and we think this could explain the considerable differences in mortality between studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> We did not see any differences in survival in patients with coronary artery to RV fistulae&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some authors consider the presence of coronary artery to RV fistulae an absolute contraindication for RV decompression&#46; In light of our results&#44; we believe that this should be carefully reconsidered&#46; If the RV is not decompressed&#44; the course of disease will remain unchanged&#46; This means that oxygen delivery to the myocardium will depend on the perfusion pressure and the oxygen saturation in the RV&#44; neither of which will improve without decompression&#46; First&#44; if the RV is not decompressed&#44; a right-to-left shunt will persist at the atrial level&#44; keeping the oxygen saturation low in the RV&#46; Second&#44; high pressures in the RV will lead to chronic subendocardial ischaemia and eventually to RV failure and low perfusion pressure&#46; This situation inevitably leads to chronic ischaemia and worsening of both systolic and diastolic function in the myocardium&#46; If the RV is not decompressed early in the neonatal period&#44; the infant will soon require a procedure to exclude the RV from the circulation&#44; which eventually leads to cardiac haemodynamics that place the patient in the univentricular pathway&#46; In our series&#44; almost 80&#37; of the patients with coronary artery to RV fistulae achieved biventricular circulation after performance of RV decompression in the neonatal period&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our opinion&#44; it is crucial to wait for the pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease below the arterial pressure to decompress the RV&#44; usually after the first week of life&#46; In this regard&#44; the patient should be given the minimum possible amount of prostaglandin E1 to guarantee pulmonary flow with a target oxygen saturation of approximately 90&#37;&#46; This will also be beneficial after RV decompression&#44; as the ductus arteriosus will be smaller in size and will not contribute to RV dysfunction through a circular shunt&#46; In these cases where the ductus stays open&#44; if it is large there is a high risk for a circular shunt after RV decompression&#46; This state is difficult to manage in patients with these diseases&#46; In a previously published study&#44; our group demonstrated the usefulness of banding the ductus arteriosus to manage this situation succesfully&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An atrial shunt is a must in these cardiac patients&#46; A balloon atrial septostomy is rarely necessary during the neonatal period&#46; Previous published studies describe its routine performance&#46; We did not perform a balloon atrial septostomy in any of the patients to prevent the potential development of a circular shunt&#44; as this condition is extremely difficult to manage in the neonatal period&#46; Moreover&#44; an increased right-to-left shunt at this level will contribute to cyanoses and decrease the likelihood of the RV and the pulmonary vascular tree growing&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the main reasons for choosing the ductal stent strategy is to reduce the early mortality associated with the BTS&#44; of around 7&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> It is worth noting that there were no deaths in the BTS group in our sample &#40;0&#47;16&#41;&#44; while there were 2 deaths in the ductal stent group &#40;2&#47;20&#41;&#46; We think that this may have to do with the neonatal strategy of delaying the opening of the RV outflow tract until the pulmonary vascular resistances start decreasing&#46; Unlike what has been described by other authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> once the RV had been opened&#44; our team did not place the ductal stent or performed the BTS in the same surgery&#44; and instead waited for the RV to adjust to the presence of anterograde flow with prostaglandin infusions&#44; with a median age of 12 days at the time of ductal stent and of 8 days at the time of BTS&#46; This may have helped to transition to a balanced circulation between the foetal and the neonatal life&#44; allowing for ductal narrowing and preventing the phenomenon of overcirculation with a low cardiac output and pulmonary overflow that can occur if the BTS or the ductal stent are placed too early&#46; Thus&#44; we think that in these patients is extremely important to wait for the right moment&#44; determined on a case-to-case basis&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Few studies have reported on the clinical outcomes of the 1&#46;5 ventricular repair strategy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29&#44;4</span></a> In our small sample&#44; we did not find differences in the functional class between the 1&#46;5 and the biventricular repair groups&#46; In all 3 patients that ended with a 1&#46;5-ventricle physiology&#44; the atrium septal defect was closed and the RV showed adequate growth with preserved diastolic function after the surgery&#46; Since the main challenge in patients with borderline RV is to choose between the biventricular or the univentricular pathway for management during the neonatal period&#44; we think that the initial strategy of opening the RV outflow tract and the contribution of an extra source of pulmonary flow may promote RV adaptation&#44; thus rescuing some patients that would have otherwise ended in the univentricular pathway&#46; In our sample&#44; 85&#37; of survivors achieved a biventricular circulation&#44; which is a higher proportion compared to most published case series&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In agreement with prior studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> our study found that TV size is a major determinant in achieving a balanced biventricular circulation&#46; We found that patients with CPS had larger TV annulus sizes compared to patients with PAIVS&#44; which we think may account for the greater morbidity in the PAIVS group&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to other series&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> in our study&#44; neither the patients with CPS nor the patients with PAIVS experienced any catheter-related complications&#44; such as myocardial perforation or cardiac tamponade&#44; probably due to the extensive experience of our cardiology team&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We ought to mention some of the limitations of our study&#46; It was a single-centre retrospective study with a small sample size&#44; which made it difficult to compare outcomes with other studies&#44; as there were only 9 patients with coronary artery to RV fistulae&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even though predicting the eventual circulation pathway in patients with PAIVS and CPS remains challenging&#44; we advocate for early RV opening during the neonatal period in order to increase the chances of biventricular repair&#46; The neonatal management of these patients should be individualised&#44; and it is necessary to differentiate between CPS and PAIVS&#44; as they have very different outcomes&#46; Moreover&#44; we think that opening the RV and either ductal stent or BTS are safe and effective procedures as long as patients are selected appropriately&#59; it is also important to perform the procedure at the right time&#44; when the pulmonary vascular resistance starts to decrease&#44; in order to help the RV to couple with the anterograde flow&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0186" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2018-05-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-10-02"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1175716"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Coronary artery to right ventricle fistula"
            1 => "Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum"
            2 => "Critical pulmonary stenosis"
            3 => "Percutaneous management"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1175715"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "F&#237;stula arteria coronaria a ventr&#237;culo derecho"
            1 => "Atresia pulmonar con tabique interventricular"
            2 => "Estenosis pulmonar cr&#237;tica"
            3 => "Manejo percut&#225;neo"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and critical pulmonary stenosis in newborns encompasses a wide spectrum of disease&#44; including cases with significant right ventricular hypoplasia and coronary artery to right ventricle fistulae&#44; which may be considered a contraindication for decompression of the right ventricle&#46; The aim of this study was to review the middle- and long-term outcomes of these patients over 20 years and identify differential factors between both groups&#44; including patients with coronary artery fistulae&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a descriptive retrospective study by identifying all patients that received a diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and critical pulmonary stenosis between January 1996 and January 2018&#46; We collected and analysed data regarding right ventricular morphology&#44; surgical management&#44; percutaneous intervention and medium- and long-term outcomes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">51 patients were admitted&#46; A total of 9 patients &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41; died during the followup&#46; None of the deceased patients had coronary artery to right ventricle fistulae&#46; The median length of followup in the 42 survivors was 107&#46;81 months &#40;&#177;53&#46;56&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The functional class based on the latest revision of the New York Heart Association classification was 1&#46;2 for the overall sample&#46; Survivors of critical pulmonary stenosis had a functional class of 1&#46;1&#44; and survivors of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum a functional class of 1&#46;6&#46; There were no differences based on the presence or absence of coronary artery to right ventricle fistulae&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coronary artery to right ventricle fistulae may not be a contraindication for biventricular strategy&#46; Patients with critical pulmonary stenosis had better outcomes compared to patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum&#46; The aggressive strategy of opening the pulmonary valve early on was associated with a good overall survival and correlated to a good functional class&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los neonatos afectos de atresia pulmonar con tabique interventricular &#237;ntegro y estenosis pulmonar cr&#237;tica representan un espectro amplio&#44; incluyendo aquellos con hipoplasia significativa del ventr&#237;culo derecho&#46; La presencia de f&#237;stulas arteriales coronarias a ventr&#237;culo derecho puede ser una contraindicaci&#243;n para la descompresi&#243;n del ventr&#237;culo derecho&#46; El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los resultados a corto y largo plazo durante 20 a&#241;os de estos pacientes&#44; e identificar los factores diferenciales entre ambos grupos incluyendo aquellos pacientes afectos por f&#237;stulas arteriales coronarias&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este un estudio retrospectivo donde se identificaron todos los pacientes diagnosticados de atresia pulmonar con septo interventricular &#237;ntegro y estenosis pulmonar cr&#237;tica entre los meses de enero de 1996 y enero de 2018&#46; Se recogieron y analizaron las caracter&#237;sticas morfol&#243;gicas del ventr&#237;culo derecho&#44; el manejo quir&#250;rgico&#44; la intervenci&#243;n percut&#225;nea y la evoluci&#243;n a corto y a largo plazo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cincuenta y un pacientes fueron incluidos&#46; Un total de 9 &#40;17&#44;6&#37;&#41; fallecieron durante el seguimiento&#46; Ninguno de ellos presentaba f&#237;stulas arteriales coronarias a ventr&#237;culo derecho&#46; La media de seguimiento de los restantes 42 supervivientes fue de 107&#44;81 meses &#40;&#177;53&#44;56&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La clase funcional seg&#250;n la New York Heart Association en la revisi&#243;n m&#225;s reciente fue de 1&#44;2&#46; Los supervivientes del grupo de estenosis pulmonar cr&#237;tica presentaban una clase funcional de 1&#44;1 y los del grupo de atresia pulmonar con tabique interventricular &#237;ntegro de 1&#44;6&#46; No hubo diferencias entre los pacientes que presentaban f&#237;stulas arteriales coronarias a ventr&#237;culo derecho y los que no&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La presencia de f&#237;stulas arteriales coronarias a ventr&#237;culo derecho no es una contraindicaci&#243;n para la v&#237;a biventricular&#46; Los pacientes con estenosis pulmonar cr&#237;tica presentan una mejor evoluci&#243;n que los afectos de atresia pulmonar con tabique interventricular &#237;ntegro&#46; La estrategia de apertura agresiva y precoz de la v&#225;lvula pulmonar tiene una buena supervivencia global correlacionada con una buena clase funcional&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Vall Camell M&#44; Rodr&#237;guez-Fanjul J&#44; Bautista Rodr&#237;guez C&#44; Pradda FH&#44; Caffarena-Calvar JM&#44; S&#225;nchez-de-Toledo J&#44; et al&#46; Manejo percut&#225;neo de atresia pulmonar con tabique interventricular &#237;ntegro y estenosis pulmonar cr&#237;tica&#46; An Pediatr &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2019&#59;91&#58;336&#8211;343&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous presentations</span>&#58; This study was presented at the 6th Congress of the European Academy of Paediatric Societies &#40;EAPS&#41;&#44; October 2016&#44; Geneva&#44; Switzerland&#59; and the 7th World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery &#40;WCPCCS&#41;&#44; July 2017&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart of patients based on the presence of right ventricular-dependent coronary circulation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan&#8211;Meier survival by type of congenital heart disease&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BW&#44; birth weight&#59; CARVF&#44; coronary artery to right ventricle fistula&#59; CPA&#44; critical pulmonary stenosis&#59; GA&#44; gestational age&#59; MV&#44; mitral valve&#59; NS&#44; not significant&#59; PAIVS&#44; pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum&#59; RVOT&#44; right ventricular outflow tract&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#59; SGA&#44; small for gestational age &#40;BW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10th percentile&#41;&#59; TV&#44; tricuspid valve&#46; Statistically significant values are presented in boldface&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">38&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;18&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tripartite&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;82&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bipartite&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unipartite&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TV <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;1&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;2&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">RVOT <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">z</span>-score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;2&#46;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;3&#46;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MV annulus &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;12&#8211;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;12&#8211;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TV&#47;MV ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;64 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;86 &#40;0&#46;69&#8211;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CARVF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;21&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CPS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PAIVS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Balloon valvuloplasty&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;95&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;57&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Ductal stent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;21&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;53&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;&#46;05</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Modified BT shunt&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;&#46;05</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RVOTTP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;3&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60;&#46;05</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Post-op duration of MV&#44; days &#40;range&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#8211;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#8211;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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      "titulo" => "References"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum&#58; predictors of early and medium-term outcome in a population-based study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;E&#46;F&#46; Daubeney"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wang"
                            2 => "D&#46;J&#46; Delany"
                            3 => "B&#46;R&#46; Keeton"
                            4 => "R&#46;H&#46; Anderson"
                            5 => "Z&#46; Slavik"
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                      "Revista" => array:4 [
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                        "fecha" => "2005"
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              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "The epidemiology of cardiovascular defects&#44; part I&#58; a study based on data from three large registries of congenital malformations"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Pradat"
                            1 => "C&#46; Francannet"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Harris"
                            3 => "E&#46; Robert"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00246-002-9401-6"
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                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "24"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Schwartz"
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                            2 => "Y&#46; Dori"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Rome"
                            4 => "M&#46;J&#46; Gillespie"
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                            5 => "P&#46;B&#46; Manning"
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